Patents provide competitive advantage for Kodak Essay

Licenses give upper hand to Kodak - Essay Example Subsequently, these organizations are allowed to make a type of brief syndication on their items, and through along these lines, they can make benefits. What's more, they can support trend-setters in the organization to grow more items. When an organization encroaches Kodak’s licenses is subject to be charged in a courtroom, and through along these lines Kodak can get repayment cash. For instance, there were situations where Kodak had sued Samsung and LG, and they remunerated them $550 and $400 million separately. In addition, the organization secures arranged authorizing bargains concerning the licenses. Then again, the organization ready to lessen odds of different organizations encroaching their licenses and this can encourage full use of their licenses. Indeed, because of the high measures of cash charged in courts for repayment, this can be a wellspring of demoralization for different organizations to encroach the Kodak’s licenses. Hence, the organization works in a market without rivalry that can influence their evaluating methodology, which can prompt low pay. Truth be told, an organization like Kodak is eager to go to the degree of suing organizations that encroach the licenses so as to ensure the positive business condition gave by these licenses. After the patent has lapsed, any organization is given the opportunity to duplicate the innovation; in this manner, Kodak boosts their benefit out of the licenses before they terminate. In any case, so as to accomplish this, guarantees the patent is producing considerable cash as a wellspring of protected innovation salary. In this manner, Kodak is capable produce a great deal of salary from the protected innovation by building up a huge index and guaranteeing that their offers don't fall. In addition, expanding the list and utilizing generous showcasing techniques they can make high volumes of deals that can create high net revenues. The licenses offer a type of impermanent imposing business model for the organization; in this manner,

Urban Outfitters Continuing Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Urban Outfitters Continuing Case Study - Essay Example Notwithstanding, private companies are an advantage for any nation and truly upgrade the general GDP. Restricted assets are a test as they directly affect the development of the business in light of the fact that there is strain to take care of obligations and focus on development is low. Indeed, even once the underlying venture is made, there probably won't be sufficient money to continue with the every day tasks, and thus, capital is consistently the primary concern. The area is of most extreme significance particularly on account of the retailer. For the situation study Urban Outfitters chose to center their store openings close to universities with the goal that the understudies looking for crazy plans and utilized garments can undoubtedly buy in closeness. Area as far as bunches and target advertise are elements to be thought of. The vicinity and interesting conveyance makes selectiveness and helps organizations with their specialty showcasing strategies. Utilizing productive hu man asset is essential for making an effect on buyers. For the situation study, Richard and Belair, had entrepreuniral abilities and a real enthusiasm for maintaining their business, in this manner they worked admirably. Q2) Define what a specialty item is. Give in any event three instances of specialty products.â An) A specialty item is the one made and showcased for a little however gainful market. It is made for a high potential market which is little in size yet beneficial to provide food. The particular item includes structured are planned to fulfill a particular market (Advantages of Niche Marketing 2009). So as to tap this kind of a potential market, the hole in the market must be recognized. These can be modified things too for instance a cake shop tweaking cakes for each person as indicated by their decision. Events are constantly lit up with some delicacy and obliging a redid market can be productive. Obliging the world class by only making something can likewise be know n as a specialty item for instance a Rolls Royce. Taking into account a specific socioeconomics, class and character all make specialties. An a valid example can be sites that offer types of assistance for explicit classes for instance finding your ideal match on the web, connections and dating. Such administrations satisfy the necessities of thousands of individuals however are restricted in its administration and not mass showcased. Q3) Explain why a specialty organization may have a favorable position in a market. Would cost essentially be a favorable position? Clarify why or why not.â A) Customization and selectiveness makes the significance of a specialty showcase. Other than these variables, fulfilling the necessities of explicit socioeconomics in itself is a preferred position on the grounds that the client feels his/her particular needs are been provided food as well. For the situation study, the stores were situated close to universities and the undergrads were being focu sed on, along these lines, the offer of utilized garments was distinguished as the missing hole for understudies that have a practical spending plan. Thusly, the specialty showcase permits the organization to apply out vitality on connecting with the correct individuals. assets are not squandered in mass showcasing yet are rather centered around serving the little fragment of faithful clients. Cost may not really be a bit of leeway as observed plainly for this situation study. Richard and Belair distinguished the requirements of understudies and afterward further expanded their product offering so as to synchronize the novel feel and look of each store. Numerous organizations on the planet that work in specialty markets do have a preferred position over cost, for example, Lexus that produces restricted vehicles and wins

Designing the Best Application Essays

Structuring the Best Application Essays As somebody who has composed and altered many application papers, I can let you know for a fact that the best application expositions are those that are imaginatively introduced. There is no doubt as far as I can say, truly, that the explanation I was acknowledged to my school of decision was for the most part because of the innovativeness behind my motivation articulation. So as to give you a superior thought of what I mean, I will outline how I structured my application bundle. As any individual who is applying to school will let you know, the application structure comprises of a few general data requests, the exposition segment, just as some short answer questions. At the point when I was applying to class I knew my evaluations werent my most grounded suit, so I chose to make my application bundle a show-stopper. As opposed to just rounding out the application structure by hand, I had my answers expertly imprinted on the pages. At that point, I fastened the pages of the structure on to substantial bits of card-stock paper, so it looked just as each page of my application structure was perfectly encircled. For my application article, I likewise had it expertly printed and afterward tangled on card-stock paper. What's more, I included comparing delineations which I connected to the contrary sides of each page. At that point, when I had my application, my paper, my short answer questions, and my representations delightfully printed and tangled, I took everything to an expert print organization where I had the pages bound in book-structure. As Im certain you can tell, I invest a colossal measure of energy in my affirmations expositions and their introductions. At the point when everything was said and done, it took almost two months to finish. Be guaranteed, notwithstanding, that the time and exertion was more than justified, despite all the trouble. I was acknowledged to each school to which I applied. On the off chance that you are keen on figuring out how you can make the most ideal application papers, dont waver to tap on the nearby connection where you will discover loads of thoughts.

Eric Fromm and his human needs theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Eric Fromm and his human needs hypothesis - Essay Example Erich Fromm, who was conceived in Germany in the year 1900, was presented to the detestations of the principal universal war (Boeree, n.d., p.3). The malevolent idea of the pioneers, the quiet accommodation of the regular folks to the autocracy and the manner in which the general public worked created Erich Fromm’s enthusiasm for brain science and social structure. He attempted to discover the solution to his quest for the inquiry, â€Å"what drives man to carry on the way he does?†, in the psychoanalytical hypotheses of Freud and social speculations of Karl Marx (Boeree, n.d., p.4). In any case, he found that both the speculations are inadequate as they treat man either as an individual or as a social creature (Boeree, n.d., p.4). He believes that human being’s individual and social angles are connected and consequently, his conduct and thought processes can't be clarified by isolating the individual and the social parts of his life (Boeree, n.d., p.4). Thus, Er ich Fromm hypothesized a hypothesis called ‘Human Needs Theory’, to clarify those requirements of individuals which drive them to act the manner in which they do and in doing as such, has contacted each part of the human personality(Boeree, n.d., p.10). By clarifying how human conduct isn't only a consequence of individual needs yet in addition is an aftereffect of his dynamic relationship with existential parts of life, Erich From has given us one of the most complete speculations of human conduct (Boeree, n.d., p.10). As per Erich Fromm, the states of the general public wherein the person exists, bring forth his needs (Wozniak, 2000, p.44). He agrees with different behaviorists when they state that each individual has fundamental natural needs like satisfactory sustenance and safe house, and meeting those organic needs can give them a feeling of fulfillment

Clash of Titans, Gladiator, and Apocalypto Essay Free Essays

Film 1: Clash of Titans The executive of Clash of the Titans 2010 was Louis Leterrier. The featuring on-screen characters were Sam Worthington, Liam Neeson, Ralph Fiennes, and Gemma Arterton. The film happens between 8000 †600 BCE in Argos. We will compose a custom exposition test on Conflict of Titans, Gladiator, and Apocalypto Essay or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The film is about Perseus and his excursion in halting the Kraken. Perseus was found in the water in a final resting place and dealt with by Spyros, an angler, and his significant other. The people before long pronounced war against the divine beings subsequent to being frantic at them due to their abuse. Perseus family was executed after their vessel was suffocated by Hades. Zeus needed to rebuff the humans for their disobedience to the divine beings. So Hades gave the individuals of Argos multi week to forfeit the princess to spare everybody of Argo or, more than likely he will discharge the Kraken. Perseus likewise finds that he is the child of Zeus. Perseus chooses to go on a mission along the military to figure out how to slaughter the Kraken and get his vengeance on Hades. Hades likewise sends King Acrisius to murder Perseus and he is anticipating slaughtering Zeus. Perseus and the fighters get assault by Acrisius on there route to the Stygian Witches. The Dihing, non-human desert sorceress, helped Perseus and the officers execute the beasts and help mend Perseus since he is the one in particular that can assist them with getting liberated from the divine beings. At the point when they get to the Witches they discover the best way to execute the Kraken is by utilizing Medusa. The witches additionally disclose to Perseus that he will bite the dust. As they are leaving Perseus goes over Zeus. He gets offered to live as a divine being nevertheless Perseus turns him down. They at that point go to the black market to Medusa’s refuge. The rest of the warriors are murdered by Medusa. Perseus utilizes his shield as a mirror and can cut Medusa’s head off. As he is leaving the nest Lo is executed by Acrisius however Percy slaughters him utilizing the blade Zeus gave him. In the mean time, Zeus gets up the Kraken and disclosures that Hades fooled him into making Hades all the more remarkable. Perseus can come back to Argo so as to stop the Kraken with the assistance of the Pegasus. He effectively crushed the Kraken by indicating him the head of Medusa and sends Hades back to the black market. At long last Zeus offers godhood to him however by and by he turns him down. Zeus takes Lo back to live. This film is truly noteworthy in light of the fact that it shows us the Greek. We can perceive how they lived during 8000 †600 BCE. The manner in which they dress, their convictions, and government. During that time the Gods were extremely significant. They were the ones that made humans and they need the mortal’s petitions to live. Film 2: Gladiator Combatant (2000) was coordinated by Ridley Scott. Russell Crowe, Joaquin Phoenix, and Connie Nielsen were the featuring on-screen characters. The film takes puts in 180 AD. It’s about Maximus the officer turning into a fighter and all the hardships he experienced. After Maximus helps wins the war he simply needs to return home. Ruler Marcus Aurelius needed Maximus to turn into the sovereign after he bites the dust to stop the debasement in Rome. Commodus, the emperors’ child, is frantic that he won’t be the following head, so he murders his dad so as to turn into the new sovereign. After the lord passes on Commodus orders for Maximus and his family to be executed yet Maximus had the option to get away. Most extreme wasn’t ready to spare his family from getting executed. Maximus was found by slave masters and taken to Zucchabar. There he was sold as a slave and compelled to turn into a fighter. He needed to execute others so as to not get slaughtered. He was reclaimed to Rome to battle at the Coliseum for the 105-day games. He was told on the off chance that he won the jam-packed he would get his opportunity. He had the option to win the fights by utilizing his authority aptitudes to lead his group. He is currently known as Spaniard the fighter. When Commodus discovered that he was Maximus the military attempted to execute Maximus and different warriors, yet they were spared by the group. Commodus took a stab at murdering him again by putting him to battle with the main undefeated contender and tigers however fizzled. Maximus thought of an arrangement to get him and his men opportunity and afterward he will slaughter Commodus. He needs to make Emperor Marcus wish materialize and make Rome into a Senate power once more. His arrangement flopped once Commodus discovers the valid by undermining his sister to make her disclose to him he truth. At that point Commodus and Maximus battle a one on one fight in the Colosseum. Maximums had the option to vanquish Commodus, however at long last, he additionally winds up passing on. Before he passes on he says he needs his men liberated and for Senator Gracchus to be in power once more. Greatest was at long last ready to be brought together with his family. The film shows an authentic setting by indicating the lives of warriors and what they experienced. It shows that combatants had to battle and the state of life they had. It likewise shows how the Romans were engaged by savagery previously. We likewise observe the manner in which the Romans dressed, there protective layer, and weapons is diverse to today. Another recorded thing demonstrated is that during that time they likewise had slaves. Film 3: Apocalypto Apocalypto was a film made in 2006. The chief of the film was Mel Gibson. The beginning entertainers were Gerardo Taracena, Raoul Max Trujillo, and Dalia Hernã ¡ndez. The film happens in 1511 in Veracruz. It’s about the ruin of the Mayan progress. Puma Paw, a tracker, and his clan get assault by the Mayan individuals. Their hovels get set ablaze and they battle to not get caught. Panther Paw had the option to spare his pregnant spouse and child, yet he was caught and his dad was slaughtered. The Mayan caught the individuals from the clan however left the children behind. At the point when they got to the Mayan city the ladies were sold as slaves, while the men were to be utilized as a penance. The Mayan needed to forfeit individuals to the divine beings with the goal that they could become solid once more. A sunlight based overshadowing happened which spared Jaguar Paw from being executed. The remainder of the men that didn’t get yielded were told they could be free on the off chance that they had the option to hurry to the corn stock. They were getting shot with bolts to keep them from succeeding. Just Jaguar paw had the option to get out alive however got harmed. While attempting to get away from he slaughtered Zero Wolf’s child so the Mayan troopers followed him. Utilizing the chasing aptitudes and the backwoods information he learned he had the option to slaughter all the Mayans who were after him. Puma Paw had the option to safeguard his better half, child, and infant child before they suffocated in the cavern. They see transports on the shore however as opposed to proceeding to research they chose to begin another coexistence in the woods. This shows history pertinence since it shows how the Mayan human advancement was going to fall. We additionally observe that the individuals of the clan and the Mayan dressed unique. They likewise had distinctive tattos and percings. It likewise shows the Mayan engineering like the pyramids. It likewise shows the language of the mayan which is Yucatec Maya. Another history significance is the method for live of the clan in the wilderness. The most effective method to refer to Clash of Titans, Gladiator, and Apocalypto Essay, Essays

A Complete Guide on How to Start a Scholarship Essay

Although beginning to write a scholarship essay may be a hard task, it will be easier if you take several important aspects into account. To create a compelling scholarship essay, you have to know your potential audience, make a list of your achievements, know why you are original personality and make notes about your purposes. This article will be your writing scholarship essay guide and provide tips to start your scholarship essay. Follow the instructions The first thing you should know about how to start a scholarship essay, is that you should carefully follow the instructions of the question in the application. Often the instructions can help to understand the question better. It is important because not following them may create a wrong impression about you, telling the committee that you are not able to do what you are asked to. Learn about the potential audience When you are preparing to write a scholarship essay, think of who will be your audience. What mission does the company want to complete? Does the studentship have a particular objective? Learning about the purposes and values of the company will provide you with the possibility to make a good paper. Consider if you are a suitable candidature for the scholarship and will the company fulfill its goal if they award you. If the answer is no, then you should probably search for a studentship that corresponds your skills and purposes. Besides, you must have a full understanding of the directions on the studentship application. Make a list of achievements Concerning scholarship essay introduction writing it should be mentioned that there must be a list of achievements in the introduction. It may seem a little uncomfortable but emphasizing your achievements in the paper is important. Even if you were taught not to boast, in this case it can work. The committee who decides who will get the studentship is likely to give it to the person who deserves it in their opinion, so you should persuade them that you are definitely the one who deserves it. Consider the jobs and projects you have participated in and the awards you have got. Although there is no need to write about everything, creating a list will be a good start for the paper. Try to stand out Once you have made a list of achievements, think of why you are an original personality. It may become the hardest point of beginning an essay but it is the most significant one. It is important to show that you stand out of all other people who want to get this studentship. Look through the list of achievements you have made and think which one makes you proud most. You may also consider the difficulty you faced and the way you overcame it. Remember that every person has uniqueness in him, and if you know yours you will get more chances to have the scholarship. Consider your objectives The committee that decides who will get the studentship apparently wants to know that the person will spend it properly. This means that you must state your objectives clearly to persuade the committee to help you. Tell about the reasons why you wish to attend a particular college. What knowledge do you want to get while studying there? Think of your objectives concerning your future job and how this educational institution can help you to fulfill them. Tell how your purposes correspond to the mission of the company. These aspects will help you to create a compelling work and will get you closer to winning a studentship. The last important thing you should remember before you start writing a studentship essay, it should be honest and sincere.

What Are Good Essay Topics For College Essays?

What Are Good Essay Topics For College Essays?There are several things that you should look for when looking for what are good essay topics for college essays. However, the two most important things that you should take note of is writing style and use of a topic word list. Therefore, we will look at the importance of a good writer and their writing style, as well as their use of topic word list.One of the things that you can consider if you are looking for what are good essay topics for college essays is to look for writers who have the skill in being able to write fast. This will mean that they will be able to use a very short phrase or sentence to sum up their point in a very short period of time. Writing fast means that they will be able to present a lot of ideas without worrying about what their meaning might be. In fact, this may mean that they will not really be able to summarize what the entire essay is about. However, this is not necessarily a bad thing, as you do not want y our essay to become too long.However, before you select a writer that you will use for your essay, it is also important to look at their writing style. In other words, it is important to read the sample essays that they have written so that you can get an idea of how they would write the essays. Some writers use too much flowery language, while others tend to use too much of the formal, formal. So, you need to look at the style that they will be using when writing the essay. You should also look at the topics that they choose to write about and see how they use the topics in their essay.The next thing that you should look for when looking for what are good essay topics for college essays is their use of a topic word list. What are good essay topics for college essays are based on what words are used in the essay. If the topic contains a lot of words like the words 'love,' 'lust,' 'honesty,' 'learn,' 'teach,' 'life,' 'mind,' and so on, then it is going to be very hard for the writer to write in a way that the students will find useful. On the other hand, if the topic contains the words like 'freedom,' 'diversity,' 'workplace' and so on, then the topics are going to be more meaningful to the students.When you are using a topic word list, you should consider the different subjects that the topic contains. For example, if you look at the topic of love, it is going to be easier for you to look at the topics like 'first love,' 'second love,' 'new love,' and so on. As well, you should consider the different forms of love that you might find in each of the topic. For example, if you are looking at the topic of love for instance, you should look at the topic of romantic love, romantic friendship, and romantic marriage. The point is, you need to include a variety of topics so that you will be able to find the topics that are going to be helpful for your essay.By using a topic word list, you will be able to see which topics are going to be more valuable to your essay. Fo r example, you can look at the topics and see if they are going to be a good topic for your essay. If you know which topics are going to be important for your essay, then you can eliminate the topics that are not going to be relevant.Now, these are some of the things that you should take note of when you are looking for what are good essay topics for college essays. However, there are other things that you should also look at. In other words, you will need to consider the topics that the writer chose to use for their essay, the length of the essay, the amount of help you will get from the topic word list, and many other things.

Idioms and Expressions - Get

The following idioms and expressions use the verb get. Each idiom or expression has a definition and two example sentences to help understanding of these common idiomatic expressions with get. Once you have studied these expressions, test your knowledge with quiz testing idioms and expressions with get. Get someones drift Definition: understand what someone has said Do you get his drift?I dont get his drift. Does he think I should quit? Get a bang / kick out of someone or something Definition: enjoy someone or something greatly I really get a bang out of Tom!She got a kick out of the new video game. Get a life! Definition: Dont worry about such stupid, or petty things Come on. Get a life! Go out and have some fun.I wish Janet would get a life. Shes always complaining about nothing. Get a load off ones feet Definition: sit down, relax Come on get a load off your feet.Come over here and get a load off your feet. Get a load off ones mind Definition: stop worrying about something Im glad he got the job. Im sure hes got a load off his mind.That news gets a load off my mind. Get a load of someone or something Definition: take notice of someone or something Get a load of that boy over there!Get a load of this book. Its excellent! Get a toehold Definition: To begin a relationship with a person or company I got a toehold at Smiths and Sons.Hes trying to get a toehold with Jason. Get away! Definition: I dont believe you He didnt say that! Get away!No, get away! Thats cant be true. To get down on someone Definition: criticize someone Dont get so down on Janet.My boss is getting down on me. Get down to doing something Definition: begin to do something seriously Lets get down to business.I got down to doing the report yesterday afternoon. Get face Definition: be taken seriously Hes really beginning to get face in that company.I wish I could get face. To get in someones face Definition: to annoy or provoke someone Why dont you get in his face!Tim really got in the coachs face. To get in on the act Definition: become a part of something interesting I really wish I could get in on the act.Would you like to get in on the act at work? Get into something Definition: enjoy greatly Hes really getting into that new CD by Japlin.I got into the movie last night. Get it Definition: understand Do you get it?He got it and began having success. Get lost! Definition: go away Come on, get lost!I wish Tom would get lost. Get off on something Definition: enjoy greatly Hes really getting off on jazz these days.Do you get off on cult movies? Get ones act together Definition: become organized about something I wish Mary would get her act together.Yes, I got my act together and found a new job. Get ones lumps Definition: receive punishment She got her lumps for disobeying her parents.I shouldnt have done that. Now Im getting my lumps. Get ones nose out of joint Definition: become upset about something He got his nose out of joint about the new employee.Dont get your nose out of joint. Its not that bad! Get ones teeth into something Definition: do something with a lot of dedication Im getting my teeth into the new project at work.I think you are going to get your teeth into this book. Get on someones case Definition: to criticize someone about a problem Stop getting on my case about homework.My boss is getting on my case about the project. Get out of my face! Definition: stop bothering me Get out of my face! Im going to do it!She told him to get out of her face. Get real! Definition: start acting realistically Get real about her.Forget it. Get real. Get someones goat. Definition: bother someone Shes getting his goat recently.Tom is really getting my goat. Get some shut-eye Definition: go to sleep I need to go home and get some shut-eye.He looks like he needs to get some shut-eye. Get the goods on someone Definition: find out incriminating evidence against someone Janet got the goods on him and they are getting divorced.I cant wait to get the goods on Jack. Get the lead out! Definition: hurry up Come on! Get the load out!Lets get out of here. Get the lead out! Get the message / picture Definition: understand So do you get the picture?I dont think he gets the message. Get the nod Definition: be chosen Peter got the nod for the job.I think Mary should get the nod. Get to someone Definition: bother someone Tom is really getting to Mary.Motor scooter noise gets to me! Get with it Definition: hurry up Get with it. Were late.I wish Tom would get with it.

Themes In Much Ado About Nothing - 1079 Words

Samantha Charleville Suzan Wilson Pre-AP ELA 09 October 2017 Much Ado About Nothing Classics Essay Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare is a classic novel in which love does not happen as it seems, and there are many themes. In a town called Messina, a man named Claudio falls in love with a young woman named Hero. He does not know how to get her to fall back in love with him, so Don Pedro, the Prince of Aragon, makes a deal that he will get her to fall in love with him at a masquerade, but go as Claudio and not himself so that they will get married. Also at this time in the story, a young woman named Beatrice is very hard headed. She believes that she will never fall in love than that she never wants to in the first place. Her†¦show more content†¦Later on in the story, Hero and Claudio are to be married. But before the wedding starts, it is said that Hero has been unfaithful to Claudio. Though this is not true, and her being unfaithful was trick planned by two men named Don John and Borachio, Claudio believes the lie and acc uses her of having affairs with repulsive men. The wedding is now cancelled and Hero stabs herself out of grief of Claudio leaving her, but does not die, and Hero’s father, Leonato, tells everyone she is dead because he is ashamed of her. Leonato even tells his niece Beatrice and her secret love Benedict to let Hero die. I know this because Leonato states, â€Å"O Fate, take not away thy heavy hand! Death is the fairest cover for [Hero’s] shame That may be wished for† (pg. 131). This is Leonato stating that they should just let her die because he is so ashamed of her that she may as well die. Claudio soon finds out that Hero is not actually dead, and now knows that the affairs that were planted on her were just tricks by Don John and Borachio. Now that their love is not being manipulated anymore, they are finally free to just be lovers by themselves. This supports the theme of manipulated love is not real love because once all manipulations stopped, they were le ft with nothing but real love and honesty. Beatrice and Benedick are extremely hard headed and set in the idea that they will never fall inShow MoreRelated Theme of Deception in Much Ado About Nothing Essay example1381 Words   |  6 PagesTheme of Deception in Much Ado About Nothing Each of the main characters in Much Ado About Nothing is the victim of deception, and it is because they are deceived that they act in the ways that they do. Although the central deception is directed against Claudio in an attempt to destroy his relationship with Hero, it is the deceptions involving Beatrice and Benedick which provides the plays dramatic focus. Nearly every character in the play at some point has to make inferences from whatRead MoreThemes of Love In William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing619 Words   |  3 Pages In William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing love and how love works is a major theme in the play. When it comes to true love in the book i believe it is incidental or secondary to the main story in the book. My reasoning behind this idea is because none of the characters are searching for love, it is not their main priority but rather happens in result of another, bigger situation or conflict and that how true love or falling in love works in real life it just happens. In this story, it isRead MoreThe Themes of Appearance versus True Love in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing541 Words   |  3 PagesThe Themes of Appearance versus True Love in William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing True love is a bond shared by few and dreamed of by everyone. The appearance of a relationship may not accurately depict the true reality of the situation. The bond between Claudio and Hero appears far stronger than that of Beatrice and Benedict, yet events of the play provide evidence for the converse. In Shakespeares comedy Much Ado About Nothing, the masked emotions of two couples are evoked throughRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing1225 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing, a comedy filled with differences between genders, witty banter between memorable characters Benedick and Beatrice, a plot of revenge that involves one character faking her death and let’s not forget the masquerade marriage that comes to readers at the end. Much Ado About Nothing, court politics while still maintain a profound amount of humor and wit. However, it is the honor and shame that is prominent in Much Ado About Nothing that we reach the turningRead MoreMuch Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare Essay559 Words   |  3 PagesMuch Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare The play has comedy, romance, suspense, action and a lot of drama twisted into several hundred lines of verse. In the end, however, everyone is happy and not a lot changes. Thus, Shakespeare shows the reader that although the play is enjoyable and witty, it really is not a very important piece of literature because of its subject matter. The play is important because it shows us that life itself is similarly enjoyable andRead MoreKenneth Branaghs Much Ado About Nothing Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe scene opens in the beautiful hills of Tuscany, Italy. Lying about on the slopes of grass are the humble townsfolk basking in the sunshine as a soft voice introduces; â€Å"Sigh no more ladies, sigh no more.† This dreamlike setting is the opening scene of the major motion picture Much Ado About Nothing as envisioned by film director Kenneth Branagh. A far cry from its Shakespearean origins, Branagh’s Much Ado has a look and feel all of its own. This film seeks to capture its audience with visual majestyRead MoreGoing Deep into Drama Essay example872 Words   |  4 PagesMentioning about drama, William Shakespeare is the father of it. He is famous for Elizabeth drama; many criticizers complement on his plays. In The Architecture of Drama : Plot, Character, Theme, Genre, and Style, the authors explain what is drama, he. In order to understand more what drama is, Much ado about Nothing, which was written by Shakespeare, is a good sample. As how a drama is supposed to be, the play contends morality and entertainment. Just like many typical dramas, Much Ado about Nothing teachesRead MoreShakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing1199 Words   |  5 Pagesportrayed a story. Tragedies, Much Ado About Nothing is a comedy, which uplifts spirits as it circles the lives of Hero, Claudio, Beatrice, Don John, and Benedick. Love, trickery, and deception are motifs used to develop a theme relatable to years later. Using love as a basis tricks are placed everywhere in the Italian town of Messina to spark the interest of two or to ruin the love. In Much ado About Nothing, William Shakespeare’s explores the motif of deception, and how nothing is as it seems, connectedRead MoreShakespeares Greatness: Much Ado About Nothing, and King Lear1425 Words   |  6 Pagesin the art of storytelling and even the expression of research or related material. When an author is able to seize the attention of any partaking of their work, curiosity will develop which will lead to the wonder of what the conclusion my bring abo ut. Not only is it important to snatch the audience’s attention in the beginning, it is necessary to hold it prisoner throughout the tale. Authors do this by having an interesting plot development in which many unexpected details come into play and theRead More Much Ado About Nothing Essay898 Words   |  4 Pages William Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing is a play involving by deception, disloyalty, trickery, eavesdropping, and hearsay. The play contains numerous examples of schemes that are used to manipulate the thoughts of other characters; it is the major theme that resonates throughout the play. Ironically, it is one of these themes that bring serenity to the chaos that encompasses most of the play. amp;#9;The first example of deception we see is with the characters of Beatrice and Benedick.

Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa

In today’s society the majority of men and women all try to live up to this vision of absolute perfection within our physical appearances. The desire to be thin becomes an obsession and girls will view thinness as something you have to achieve. Most girls’ will try all different kinds of diets and exercise compulsively. The obsession over girls’ appearances and weight has lead to an increasing number of cases of eating disorders. According to a National Institute of Mental Health article (Eating Disorders, 2016), an eating disorder is an illness that causes physical disturbance to your everyday diet. A person who is stressed or concerned about their body weight is a sign that he or she might have an eating disorder. Out of all the eating disorders, the two most common are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where people, who are underweight, see themselves as overweight. People with anorexia are obsessed with weighing them selves and eat small portions of a certain type of food. Some people can also have binge-eating disorder by self-vomiting, excessive exercising and extreme dieting. Anorexia is the fear of becoming fat and in order to stay thin, the person stops eating causing malnutrition and instead of becoming thin and they get skinny. Symptoms of anorexia include: extreme thinness, the intense fear of gaining weight, extreme restricted eating, and a self-esteem that is heavily influenced by body image. Other symptoms thatShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1830 Words   |  8 Pagesneeded to be thin. She would do all she can to get thin. She would look in the mirror and see herself as being fat and ugly. So she chooses not to eat or she binge eat and then purge. Now Addie has what is called an eating disorder. An eating disorder is can be described as abnormal eating to alter the body image due to psychological reasons. According to Janet Belsky, it can al so be classified as a pathological obsession with getting and staying thin. (Belsky 252) They are associated with a wide rangeRead MoreEating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa2131 Words   |  9 PagesUsing the cases of two eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), or obesity, one can determine that health and illnesses are just as much of a societal and cultural issue, as they are a medical issue. Eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia are both mental illnesses. Anorexia nervosa involves starving oneself to avoid gaining weight, while bulimia involves binge eating followed by purging to avoid weight gain (Gerber and Macionis 2012). Both of these disorders stem from a fear ofRead More The Prevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder1723 Words   |  7 PagesPrevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder How prevalent is anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders? Without the knowledge of research, one is likely to think eating disorders are quite prevalent in society today. However, research proves that eating disorders, in general, are not as prevalent as one might think without any knowledge of the subject. Prevalence of an eating disorder refers to the number of cases of an eating disorder within aRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia, And Binge Eating1453 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States of America 20 million women, and 10 million men suffer from a clinically significant eating disorder at some time in their life. There are three types of eating disorders, Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating. Eating disorders can be life-threatening conditions that can affect a person’s physical health, and emotional. Something that serious has people wondering what exactly is causing these people to risk their health on it? One possibility would be social influencesRead MoreEating Disorders: Physical and Psychological Damages Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Disordered Eating825 Words   |  4 PagesEating Disorders: Physical and Psychological Damages Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and disordered eating. Thats all we see in the bathroom stalls on the seventh floor in Hayes Ââ€" Healy. What exactly are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and disordered eating? Anorexia, bulimia, and disordered eating are habits that become an eating disorder. There are two sides to understanding the problems of eating disorders. One side is the emotional or psychological side that is affected by eating disordersRead MoreBulimia Nervosa and Anorexia Nervosa Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders are extremely harmful and rising in prevalence. . The two most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. In this essay, I will compare and contrast these two disorders. This essay wi ll also assess the symptoms, causes, health affects and the most prevalent characteristics of people diagnosed with these two eating disorders. â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by self-starvation to avoid obesity. People with this disorder believe they are overweight, evenRead MoreHow Eating Disorders Affect Health772 Words   |  3 PagesEating Disorders are conditions in which involves irregular eating habits, either insufficient or excessive food, that affects inimical the body’s image and mental health (Wikipedia). It affects men and women of all ages, but it has a greater impact among adolescences and young adults. In the United States, 24 million Americans are battling eating disorders, in which 1 million are males and 23 million are females. An individual who portraits this condition may have an irrational self-image thoughtRead MoreA Brief Note On Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1280 Words   |  6 PagesAnorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Eating disorders are classified as mental disorders and can lead to life threatening damage. It is important to manage eating disorders to prevent health effects. There are many different possibilities for patients with disorders. Common treatments for eating disorders can consists of counselor or therapists. Early detection is important to limit future oral health effects. A dental hygienist has an advantage to see the inside of the mouth for possible traumaRead MoreInfluence Of Society On A Teenager1039 Words   |  5 Pagessuffer from anorexia and bulimia. Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are two common eating disorders. They both result in a poor caloric intake. In anorexia, the poor calorie intake is due to inadequate eating. In bulimia, the person vomits soon after a meal without digestion and absorption. They are many similarities as well as the difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Before I compare the two, let’s get to know a little bit more about what Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa trulyRead MoreEating Disorders : Deterioration Of The Mind1117 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders: Deterioration of the Mind By: Genevieve Narkiewicz Advance Placement Psychology Mr.Cuetara May 4th, 2015 Abstract Eating disorders are in no way, to be considered â€Å"no big deal†. It affects the lives of many poor unsuspecting human beings and in some cases, fatally takes lives. This topic presents many things that most people don’t know. Such as the fact that bulimia nervosa has similar symptoms to using the drug heroin! Rotten teeth, pale and dry skin, and even failing Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa Imagine that Addie, a teenager, has become very self-conscious of her body and felt like she needed to be thin. She would do all she can to get thin. She would look in the mirror and see herself as being fat and ugly. So she chooses not to eat or she binge eat and then purge. Now Addie has what is called an eating disorder. An eating disorder is can be described as abnormal eating to alter the body image due to psychological reasons. According to Janet Belsky, it can also be classified as a pathological obsession with getting and staying thin. (Belsky 252) They are associated with a wide range of adverse psychological, physical, and social consequences. People become obsessed with checking their weight so they are constantly looking†¦show more content†¦There are cases where eating disorders coincide with mental illnesses such as depression, sexual abuse, child abuse, and social media bullying. Most cases with sexual abuse the person often becomes depressed and feel lik e they do not matter because this is happening to them. After surviving such traumatic even some survivors turn to food to cope. It in turns become and obsession and causes them to spiral out of control. They also use food to hide their true feelings of this experience, especially if it becomes too overwhelming for them. They use food to avoid relationships and love and deem this as safe because food will not hurt them. They felt helpless and out of control with the abuse that with food it is easy to control. They tend to over eat and purge or monitor what they eat and get very thin. Eating habits like this only helps cope short term but what about long term. During child abuse, a child can feel like they are not good enough for their parent and try to change by altering their body image. They think â€Å"maybe mom will love me more if I’m skinny and perfect†, or they think that turning to food will give them comfort and love they do not get from their parents. In so me cases, the disorder will not be the child’s fault because what if the parents are starving them. It is not fair that a parent would do that but it does happen. Being a teenager,

John Steinbeck Essay - 1174 Words

John Steinbeck A novelist is someone who writes novels, or writes a fancy work of fiction which often has a complicated plot, many major and minor characters, a significant theme, and several varied settings. A novelist will use literary devices such as characterization, tone, symbolism, imagery, and figurative language. John Steinbeck, an American novelist, uses many literary devices such as metaphors, similes, imagery, and figurative language along with excellent descriptive words to develop his characters and vividly describe their surroundings. His masterly of these and other techniques, in my opinion, is why John Steinbeck’s novels, like The Grape’s of Wrath and Of Mice and Men, have survived the test of time. John’s†¦show more content†¦Joseph was a Jungian and a mythologist. He also was the person responsible for getting Steinbeck’s Pastures of Heaven published later that year. In 1933, Joseph also helped publish To a God Unknown and The Red Pony Stories. 1934 was an extremely tragic year for Mr. Steinbeck, the year began good when his story, â€Å"The Murder†, appeared in O. Henry Prize Stories. Later that year, John was dealt a tremendous blow when his mother died. John was so upset that he did not write anything for another year. Then when he began to recover and start writing again, his father died in 1936. At that time, John Steinbeck was about half way through writing Of Mice and Men. Again because of John’s despair, he was not able to finish this book right away. But finally he was able to finish it in 1937, and it was published and became his first best seller. In 1939, Steinbeck’s had his favorite year, John was elected to The National Institute of Arts and Letters. He also published his Pulitzer Prize winning novel The Grapes of Wraith. The year of 1944 had many ups and downs for John Steinbeck. A wonderful event was the birth of his first son on the second of August. John had to fight to have his name removed from the credits of Lifeboat because he believed he did not believe in racism and he believed it was involved and promoted in the film. In 1962, Steinbeck was honored again with the award of The Nobel Prize in literature.Show MoreRelatedJohn Steinbeck2062 Words   |  9 Pages5th century AD overtime Literary works have been develop such as novel, poems, and short stories. Short Stories are described has miniature versions of books or novels, where an author takes a tale and crams it into a ten to twenty page story. John Steinbeck is not only a well-known novelist, but also writes short stories like â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† and â€Å"Flight†. In Steinbeck’s â€Å"T he Chrysthemums† Elisa Allen is married to a negligent ranch owner. While her husband works on the ranch, Elisa tends toRead More John Steinbeck Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pages John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902 in Salinas, California, a farming community with of about 2500 people. He was the third of four children and the only son of John Ernst and Olive Hamiton Steinbeck. His sisters Beth and Esther were much older than John and he felt closest to Mary, the youngest. He spent his childhood and adolescence in the Salinas Valley, which he later called â€Å"the salad bowl of the nation.† John’s mother, Olive, was the daughter of Irish immigrants. She left her parents’Read MoreEssay on John Steinbeck1019 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck #9; John Steinbeck was a famous American author who wrote from the 1920 to the 1940. Steinbeck was constantly moving across the country trying to succeed as a writer. John Steinbeck lived a life of constant up and downs, successes and failures before he landed on his feet and became a famous author. #9;John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California on February 27, 1902. He was the only son and the third child of John Ernst Steinbeck and Olive Hamilton. Steinbecks fatherRead MoreLife of John Steinbeck974 Words   |  4 Pagesauthor or writer? One of the famous American writer was John Steinbeck. He earned a Nobel prize of literature from his American classic novels that he had written in the past. The Nobel prize was not the only award that he had earned for his literature, he earned different awards for his writings also (John Stein..). John Steinbeck is a man who had overcome different obstacles and being successful in life. Everyone has a life history, John Steinbeck also has a history of his own. His life story beganRead MoreThe Pearl By John Steinbeck871 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pearl A pearl...is it worth $1,000, $100,000, or the risk of the death of your valuable family’s lives? John Steinbeck answers this question with the novella, The Pearl. Kino was an impecunious man. He lived with his wife Juana, and his very young son Coyotito. Together, they lived buoyantly as a family. One day, he uncovered a small yet bijou pearl that affected the whole family and even the entire town! Will the pearl eventually bring wealth and happiness to his family, or will it make theRead MoreThe Peral by John Steinbeck780 Words   |  3 PagesIf a homeless man were to win a $1,000,000 lottery, how would he handle the circumstance? In The Pearl, John Steinbeck depicts the story of Kino, a destitute Mexican-Indian male who devotes his life towards his wife and newborn son. He discovers a great pearl that seems to have the potential to change his life for the better; however, Steinbeck shows how Kino’s discovery of a great fortune can lead to disaster. The pearl instal ls greed in Kino as he desires to improve his social status, and overallRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums By John Steinbeck982 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story written by John Steinbeck. The story was originally published in 1937 before later being released as a part of his The Long Valley collection. This is an important story as it expresses women in a way that is more realistic, showing their true boredom, ambition, and capabilities. Some scholars interpreted this story differently, but C. Kenneth Pellow interprets it as â€Å"radically feministic.† The Great Depression was finally ending and women’s rights were risingRead MoreThe Greatness of John Steinbeck1761 Words   |  7 PagesThe Greatness of Steinbeck Why is faith and friendship a vital part of life? In his writing, John Steinbeck beautifully captured life in the United States during the 20th century. In 1929, the stock market crashed, sparking the Great Depression. The Great Depression was a worldwide economic depression that occurred in the 20th century. It had devastating effects on everyone, from the rich to the poor. After the Great Depression, Steinbeck published Of Mice and Men, a book about two men, George andRead MoreThe Pearl, By John Steinbeck903 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Pearl, written by John Steinbeck, take place in La Paz, Mexico, where a pleasant family composed of Kino, his wife, Juana, and their son, Coyotito. One day, their son is bitten by a scorpion and Juana and Kino go see a local doctor, who refuses to treat Coyotito. Kino, a pearl diver, finds a pearl with immense value which he believes will pay for the treatment. However, the pearl brings great misfortune upon the family. As the novel progresses, J uana disagrees that the pearl will help herRead MoreThe Pearl By John Steinbeck815 Words   |  4 PagesGreed can ruin you, your family, and everyone around you. Some of the characters in The Pearl by John Steinbeck demonstrate great signs of greed others show a lack of greed. Greed can Mentally and physically destroy a man. And in this case it did. Kino. Is of great importance in The Pearl he is brave and smart. But when he fell into wealth while pearl diving in his family canoe. His whole life changed, he went from a simple man with almost no problems to a man who was constantly being

Movie Summary Gran Torino Essay Example For Students

Movie Summary Gran Torino Essay Clint Eastwood the director and producer of ‘Gran Torino’ is about a Korean war veteran who’s the only American left living on the street of Detroit while other families and people from different ethnicity or culture move in around him. Walt Kowalski the role that Clint Eastwood is playing is the protagonist of the movie and he is represented to be a tough old man who has had enough of the people around him and he had just lost someone important in his life, his wife. The antagonist which is Spider, a leader of a Hmong asian gang also cousins with the neighbor of Walt, Thao and Sue Lor. Spider is trying to get Thao to join their gang but caught up between family issues. Walt Kowalski’s sons are materialistic and weak which does not portray the same masculinity that Walt has and his grandchildren are disrespectful and shallow. The plot develops as he decides to help the Hmong family that just moved next door, overcomes his prejudice by helping Thao, and putting an end to the terrorization of the relative gangsters. A particular scene which is powerful and is very important though out the whole movie is the scene where the wive of Walt Kowalski funeral. The scene is introduced by a wide opening shot to show the other people in the chapel and to introduce Walt’s family. The panning shot stops in front of Walt. This is to show his body language and his responses towards the situation. A close up shot to one of the kids at the funeral as she comes to sit down wearing inappropriate clothing for a funeral. This then shows his hatred glare towards the disrespectful grand daughter. This scene is to show that his grand children are disrespectful and shallow and to show that Walt has no interest in them or affection for them. His two grown sons are the complete opposite figures to walt. Anti-Walt figures of masculinity, they are shown to be weak, hopeless men being tossed around by their materialistic wives. He also shows no interest in bonding with his parish priest, another representation of weak, white masculinity. We are meant to feel the disgusted and disappointment towards the grand children and is sons due to the fact that they have grown them as spoilt shallow kids. After the funeral service, a party is held at Walt’s house, in this scene he tries to avoid his son by getting some chairs from the basement but the son offered to help. Then Walt responded saying, â€Å"No, I need them now, not next week†. This shows how Walt sees his son to be weak and not represented to be masculine unlike Walt. Camera angles used in the scene were low angles, and high shots. Low angle shots are used to make Walt look like a more dominant figure and to make him look like he is more powerful than his son. Another particular scene which is also powerful and emotive is where Walt confronts Thao who was peer pressured their cousin Spider the antagonist of the movie, to steal Walts Gran Torino. The representation of masculinity in the scene is racialized in such a way where the masculinity of the Hmong Boy is showed to be intimidated by a more dominant figure which in this case Walt holding a M1 Garand. In this scene Walt catches Thao attempting to steal his car. We are meant to feel disappointed and betrayed by Thao ruining and shattering the trust between him and Walt. In this scene an establishing shot is used showing the viewer who is going to be in the scene. As walt walks up the shot use is a slight low angle, this is to show how intimidating and powerful Walt is compared to Thao. The shot also uses low lighting, low lighting is used to give a sense of suspense between Thao and Walt. In the film the centre piece is Walt’s Gran Torino, which symbolizes his greatness and masculinity. .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 , .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .postImageUrl , .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 , .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:hover , .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:visited , .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:active { border:0!important; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:active , .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Scarlet Letter - Film Analysis EssayTo Thao, the boy Walt lends a helping hand to, the car is the one reason why Thao and Walt’s life changes because trough Thao failing to steal the car, Thao gets to know Walt. In the next scene walt tries to help Thao â€Å"man up† through teaching him tough mannerisms and the use of vulgar language. In this scene Walt helps Thao â€Å"man up† by teaching him some social skills so that he would be able to apply for a job. Walt bring Thao to his barber, and through a series of trading racial slurs, Thao learns how to â€Å"talk like a real man† by trading racist insults. This scene in the barbershop, shows that through an exchange in racial insults on greeting someone can show forms of white masculinity. Walt’s only relationships in the film with friends are started shared by an exchange of racist language. For Walt to be able to regard Thao as a â€Å"real man,† he has to be initiated into this racist ritual. As for Thao and Sue, they have created a strong bond with Walt. Sue sees Walt to have same characteristic as their father, and old school and really traditional. Sue and Thao see’s Walt to not just be a dominant figure but a father like figure. Walt has supported the Hmong family so much that they had developed a friendly relationship where they can trust each other. The scene is introduced by a establishing shot where it shows the viewer who’s in the scene, in this case Thao cleaning the car and Walt sitting down eating lunch. The panning shot stops in behind Walt and showing Sue walking up the stairs about to have a conversation with Walt. We are shown that Walt has changed for the better and through this it makes us feel more enlightened where the conflict between Walt and the Hmong family are over. This scene is to show that Walt had developed a friendly relationship to Sue and Thao. Later on strengthening the bond they have together through Sue and Thao learning the American culture from Walt. This uses a slight low angle to still show that Walt is still in charge. In this scene Sue later on explains that Walt had same characteristics has their father did before he passed away such as they were both old school and traditional, Sue wished his father was more like Walt, protective and less strict. They see Walt as a father like figure, a person that they can look up to.? Gran Torino is a great movie with an important message and filled with inspiration. Not only does Gran Torino illustrate the importance of helping others, but it also talks about overcoming prejudice. Walt has problems at first understanding the Hmong culture, but as he gets to know his neighbors he understands that in a way they are no different than him.?

Processes of Standardization Influenced

Question: Discuss about the Processes of Standardization Influenced. Answer: Introduction: In general, the standardization of English can be conceptualized as a process through which the language came to achieve a unified form of writing, spelling and speaking in the world. As a matter of fact, the process of standardization spans over a long period of time. In other words, in the history of English language, there is no specific event that can be attributed to the standardization of the language (Bauer, 2014). The standardization has taken place throughout many centuries and in the Germanic language which has continually spread throughout the world. Nonetheless, the changing of Middle English to Early Modern English appears like the final stages of English language standardization. Bauer (2014) argues that some numerous factors including social, intellectual and contributions from different scholars played significant roles in the development of English language. In this sense, the paper discusses how the processes of standardization influenced the form and attitude towar ds Englishes. In respect to this view, the essay will approach the question regarding discussing the inception of standardization and choosing of a standard variety, functions of the language, codification, and attitudes towardsEnglish and Englishes in different parts of the world today. Standardization and Choosing of a Standard Variety There are four known periods through which the English language underwent (Bauer, 2014: Bolton, 2004). The first period, Old English period, occurred between 400AD and 1100AD. Middle English followed between 1100 AD and 1500 AD whereas the thirds stage, Early Modern English dates between 1500AD and 1800AD. The final period that marks the formation of the modern English begun in 1800. Essentially, England, by the end of the Middle English had five distinct dialects. The Northumbrian Old English dialect later developed into the Northern and Scots English. Similarly, the West Midlands and the East Midlands dialects resulted from the Mercian dialect of the old English. According to Bolton (2004), the old English was an inflectional language that chiefly used symbols. Bolton also maintains that the symbols and the structure of the ancient English did not resemble the modern English. The standardization of English language involves a number of stages. The first one is the selection stage. Selection is necessary because the English language has numerous dialects. For instance, there are situational varieties, class dialects and regional dialects. It involves the selection of an already existing dialect. Therefore, the dialect chosen for English standardization was the Middle English which was a dialect of the East Midlands. Second, is the acceptance stage. This stage involves the acceptance of the selected variety by the community. Acceptance is enhanced by ensuring promotion, spread, establishment, and enforcement of the language norms. The third stage is known as the elaboration stage. In this stage, the selected dialect is elaborated and expanded further to serve the needs for its selection. Elaboration and expansion entail the enrichment of the language by elaborating the grammatical structures and addition of vocabulary (Lass, 1999). Thus, the east midland English was elaborated through borrowing or importation of lexemes from Latin and French. Additionally, there was also the elaboration of the structure through the incorporation of the Latin structure. The fourth stage is known as the codification stage. The stage, thus, involves making of both vocabulary and grammar explicit. The (vocabulary and grammar) are written down as well. Once the language is codified through writing, it is acknowledged by vast population and is use spreads widely (Lass, 1999). Lass (1999) notes other changes can be done through regulation upon the codification of English. A particular community can initiate the changes. The final stage is known as the implementation stage. Here, the chosen English variety is implemented within a community. For instance, English is made the medium of instruction in learning institutions and the adoption of the language by other institutions such as media, law, and government. These are the defining factors that enhanced the spread of English to a global level (Northrup, 2013) Soon after the selection and elaboration of the Standard English, the language was then codified in dictionaries and grammar (Lass, 1999). Primarily, the social institutions such as media, printing, and law adopted the use of the Standard English. Therefore, the first grammars and dictionaries of English language were purposely written so as to identify and spread the new form of English. As a result, there rose the perception that the new form of English, which was also considered as the best English was the language of the best people (Crystal, 1997). According to Crystal (1997), anything outside the best English was morally, linguistically and socially lesser. In other words, all other varieties of English are considered as dialects. They are implicitly stigmatized as less significant and usually associated with the speakers who belong to a lower social class (citation). As a result of standardizing English, other dialects including the western, northern and southern dialects were highly ignored hence they were classified as second class languages. Nonetheless, the dialects were not fossilized since they were still used by the persons in those areas. A period towards the end of the Early Modern English was marked by an attempt to set up an academy in England as it was in Italy and France (Crystal, 1997). Nevertheless, the idea was not implemented since there was a general view that French did not stick to the language despite having an academy. The resistance, however, did not hinder the codification of English by means of grammar and dictionaries. Attitude towards English and Englishes in Different Parts of the World Today The attitude towards English and Englishes has dramatic effects in most parts of the world today (Bragg, 2003). Notably, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of people who use English across the world today. Consequently, more countries are continuously making changes in their language policies so as to incorporate English language (Schneider, 2014). Previously, English was held as a language of the English speaking countries. Nonetheless, today, the language is increasingly used not only by these countries but also by the non-native speakers (Crystal, 1997). In this view, therefore, English is used as a foreign or a second language. Galloway and Rose (2015) contend that there have been different attitudes towards English and Englishes across the world. For instance, the attitude towards the use of English in India varies across different people. There are some varying reactions towards the use of English in India and more particularly, based on the colonial grounds (Bragg, 2003). Nonetheless, the use of English in this content has received paramount support. For instance, while Gadhi termed English as an alien language and a form of slavery (Crystal, 1997), President Nehru felt the need to continue using English since it would enhance some developments in science and technology as well boost Indias industrialization. Nevertheless, it is evident that the attitude towards English is becoming more favorable across India (Jenkins, 2014). According to Jenkins (2014), its use has penetrated fields such as the mass media, administration, commerce, judiciary, science, and technology. He also connotes that its use has not affected aspects such as religion, social functions, cultural customs and festivals as well as interpersonal relationships. Additionally, there is a varying view about the Indian English. Jenkins (2003) again says t hat the Indian English is seen as a nativised or Indianized form of English. The Indian variety, therefore, has its distinct rules of grammar, vocabulary, syntax and phonology (Jenkins, 2003). Different scholars express different attitudes towards the world's Englishes. Among the contributors are Quirk and Kachru. The former's attitude towards Englishes was mainly based on their use in the outer-circle countries. According to Quirk, the use of Englishes in the outer circle countries was rather some form of interference (Quirk, 1990). In this case, therefore, he advised the teachers of English to maintain a focal point on the native norms and the native performance. He also stressed on the need to not only use English within the inner circle countries but also in others. Thus, Quirk (1990) saw the need to uphold a common standard that would be used in writing and speaking. The adoption of a common standard would thus help in the regulation of the use of English in diverse contexts. His opinion was driven by the perception of the possibility that English would be divided into different forms hence resulting in the loss of the function of international communication. Kachru, on the other hand, was opposed to Quirks view. He held that the norms, when used as speech acts and registers were not relevant to the sociolinguistics especially to the people of the outer circle (Kachru, 1985). In addition, Kachru (1977) also postulated that the acknowledgment of a variety of norms would not result in lack of intelligibility of the different users of English. Essentially, he pointed out that majority of the bilingual users of English acquire English in learning contexts. He maintains that these contexts do put substantial emphasis on certain standard thus ensuring that there are some unifying forms. The attitude towards English and Englishes has raised questions towards teaching as well as the teacher education (Bolton, 2004). For instance, there is the question about the form of English that is appropriate for teaching in the expanding circle. For example, a Turkish student in the United States would be taught the American English. Alternatively, the stude nt ought to be taught the Standard English if she/he wishes to communicate across other cultures (Hsu, 2016). In conclusion, the paper has outlined the process of the standardization of English. It is through the process of standardization that there arose the Standard English. Essentially, the rise and the spread of the Standard English did not result to the fossilization of other Englishes. In this case, therefore, there has been varying attitudes towards both English and Englishes. Thus, it is arguable that the process of standardization has had great influence on both the attitude and form towards Englishes. References Bauer, L. (2014). Watching English change: An introduction to the study of linguistic change in standard Englishes in the 20th century. Routledge. Bolton, K. (2004). World Englishes. In A. Davies C. Elder (Eds.) The handbook of applied linguistics (pp. 367-396). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. Bragg, M. (2003), The Adventure of English, London, Hodder and Stoughton Crystal, D. (1997). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Galloway, N., Rose, H. (2015). Introducing Global Englishes. Routledge. Graddol, D. (2006). English Next. British Council. https://www.britishcouncil.org/learning-research-english-next.pdf Hsu, T. H. L. (2016). Removing bias towards World Englishes: The development of a Rater Attitude Instrument using Indian English as a stimulus. Language Testing, 33(3), 367-389. Jenkins, J. (2014). Global Englishes: A resource book for students. Routledge. Jenkins, J. (2003), World Englishes, London: Routledge. Kachru, B. B. (1985), "Standards, Codification and Sociolinguistic Realism", in: Quirk, Randolph (ed.), English in the World, 11-34, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kachru, B. B. (1997). World Englishes and English-using communities. Annual review of applied linguistics, 17, 66-87. Lass, R. (1999), The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol.III, Cambridge, Cambridge University press. Northrup, D. (2013). How English became the global language. Springer. Quirk, R. (1990). Languge varieties and standard language. English Today, 21, 3-10. Schneider, E. W. (2014). New reflections on the evolutionary dynamics of world Englishes. World Englishes, 33(1), 9-32.

Good Essay Topics For High School

Good Essay Topics For High SchoolGood essay topics for high school can be a challenge. But with some preparation, it can be much easier. Topics should be carefully chosen and it is possible to create a good essay topic that will give you the edge you need to compete in your high school class.Start your research for essay topics for high school by getting a written outline of the topic. This outline should include a working title for the essay, the topic, the main idea and a sub-topic that gives the reader a more detailed look at the topic. The main idea is the heart of the essay and can make or break the quality of the essay. You need to show the reader why the main idea is important in the essay.The main idea can be related to the other points you have discussed. It can be the lead paragraph of the essay. You need to think about the type of essay you want to write and how your essay will be structured. How long it will be, the formatting of the essay, the length of the article and t he number of paragraphs will all affect the main idea. The type of essay will also determine the overall length of the essay.You will want to choose an article topic that presents a problem or a solution for a specific problem. Some of the main topics are food and nutrition, health and diet, financial management, public relations firms, safety and security, and many others. The sub-topics can cover different aspects of each topic. For example, a food and nutrition article might deal with the cost of food, the connection between diet and health, and nutritional information on different foods. A PR article might be about why a company does not use the correct safety protocol in its workplace.Other ways you can present your main idea include by using a personal story and demonstrating why your opinion is valid for a specific situation or issue. Be sure that your essay topic for high school is applicable to the grade level of the essay. If you choose a subject that is too advanced for t he grade level of the essay, it will not be very successful. Remember that the grade of the essay is mostly a reflection of the topic, the author's writing skills, and how well the writer understands the topic. Be sure that the essay is aligned with the grade level before you write it.Make sure that the writing format is appropriate for the grade level of the essay before you start writing. This is especially true if you are writing an essay that requires a higher level of comprehension than you possess. If the writing style of the essay is very different from the one you used in high school, the entire composition may not be accepted. It is best to have your audience that reads your essay understand it as written for high school students. However, if you are writing a popular novel, you may want to consider employing the more professional and conversational style.If the topic is too broad, it may seem like a waste of time and money. The topic should focus on a specific problem or i dea. Your essay should provide an answer to a question that you ask. It must be interesting enough for the reader to want to read your essay for more information. This is what you need to show in your essay: how knowledgeable you are on the topic at hand.Some of the most important things to remember when you are writing an essay are how to organize the essay and how to prepare your thesis statement. A good idea is to prepare two drafts of the essay and then use the second draft to revise it for grammar and spelling. Then, take those changes into account when writing your paper.

Miss Stoner Essay Example

Miss Stoner Paper How does Conan Doyle present Sherlock Holmes, the great detective, in his stories? My general impression of Sherlock Holmes is that he is a very mysterious, cunning and slightly deviant individual. He is cunning because he likes catching people out (by himself without anyone else knowing) so he can get all the credit and acts quite big headed too by showing off in front of his clients. As a reader he gives me the impression that he is selfish because he treats Dr Watson as a servant and accepts Watson to bow down to him all the time. He has respect for women but no respect for men, I think this is because he has soft spots for his female clients but Im probably wrong because its not in his nature to do this. When Holmes meets Helen Stoner in The Speckled Band he is always using a language to show he is a detective I observe that you are shivering along with showing her who is boss this is my intimate friend and associate Dr. Watson. Also while he meets Helen Stoner he is very polite good morning, madam whereas with men he would not talk as politely. He also tries to impress her you have come in by train this morning, I see he is self-indulgent. We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Stoner specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Stoner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Stoner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He shows her compassion (which is rare for Holmes to do) but its sarcastic anyway you must not fear said he soothingly, bending forward and patting her forearm. He goes into out of his way to impress Miss Stoner by going into going into great (and pointless) detail about how he knew how she travelled there You must of started early, and yet you had a good drive in a dogcart, along heavy roads, before you reached the station, weather or not hes got a soft spot for her I dont know but its highly unlikely as its not in Holmes nature to do so. Miss Stoner is baffled about how Holmes knew how she got to the meeting There is no mystery, my dear madam said he, smiling which is also shows that Holmes is smug at this moment. Once Holmes had listened to Miss Stoners story he accused straight away of not telling him everything Miss Stoner, you have not. You are screening your stepfather. He done this again by observing Miss Stoner but this time her wrist and not her clothes The marks of four fingers and a thumb, were printed upon the white wrist this could of meant that she had been cruelly abused possibly by her stepfather. He sat down in his office, by the crackling fire and there was a long silence while he thought of the information he had gathered. He then asked Miss Stoner if it would be possible if they could see over these rooms without the knowledge of your stepfather which is conspiritual. When Miss Stoner said it was alright for them to do this asks Watson you are not averse to this trip, Watson? which is more like a statement of Holmes telling Watson what to do, this shows once again that Holmes is the boss and has full control of Watson. As Miss Stoner leaves she says My heart is lightened already since I have confided my trouble to you This is her thanking Holmes and saying to him you have made me feel at ease. When Miss Stoner arrived she was agitated frightened eyes like those of a haunted animal but when she left she wasnt glided from the room this can be said as Holmes touch. Once Miss Stoner leaves Holmes tests how well Watson has been listening to the conversation by asking him And what do you think of it all, Watson? When Holmes meets Miss Stoners stepfather (Dr Grimesby Roylott) Holmes says to Roylott my name, sir, but you have the advantage of me and Roylott replies straight away with I am Dr Grimesby Roylott, of Stoke Moran as Holmes said it patronisingly and has got strong powers of observation. Holmes is always polite and charming even with people he doesnt particularly get along with (mainly men) Pray take a seat. When Roylott asks Holmes about his stepdaughter hr quickly diverts the subject by politely saying It is a little cold for the time of year, so Roylott furiously answers back with no manners at all. Homes then replies imperturbably (not bothered). Roylott obviously doesnt like Holmes and describes him as a scoundrel and also has a reputation of being a meddler and Holmes likes this. Every time Roylott mentions something about Holmes, Homes smile broadens as if he likes the fact hes got a reputation, Roylott hates him and he has got a sense of smugness about the whole thing.

Free Essays on The French And Indian War

The French And Indian War (1756-1763) Nicole Between the years of 1689 and 1748 France and Britain had the War of the League of Augsburg â€Å"King William’s War†, War of Spanish Succession â€Å"Queen Anne’s War†, and the War of the Austrian Succession â€Å"King George’s War.† All three of these wars led up to the Seven Years War, also known as the French and Indian War. As the British colonies grew in population and wealth, the British government began to worry about the attacks from France and Spain. A French motive for attack on British was their desire for land. This was the time for claiming land and they wanted as much of it as they could get. Also they wanted more wealth and power because according to the theory of mercantilism, the richer you are, the more power you have. Another motive for their attack was that France wanted a market for manufactured goods. They also wanted a source for raw materials to make goods. At first the war went badly for the English. To str engthen the defense of the colonies, General Edward Braddock set out with 1400 British troops and 450 colonials to try to take Fort Duquesne. The French had built this fort in Pittsburgh. Braddock had been warned by Benjamin Franklin to watch out for surprise attacks by the Indians, but he did not listen. Wars in Europe were orderly and they were usually fought only in good weather, on open fields, and armies faced each other. To Braddock’s surprise, the French and Indians did not follow the etiquette of Old World Warfare. They caught Braddock off guard when the attacked his army. The general was killed, and 976 of his men were killed or wounded. In 1757 William Pitt came to power as prime minister of England. He put new life into the nation’s armies and its fleets spread over the globe. He removed the weak and the old and put in the young and strong. In the campaigns of 1758, the British and Americans working together were victorious... Free Essays on The French And Indian War Free Essays on The French And Indian War The French And Indian War (1756-1763) Nicole Between the years of 1689 and 1748 France and Britain had the War of the League of Augsburg â€Å"King William’s War†, War of Spanish Succession â€Å"Queen Anne’s War†, and the War of the Austrian Succession â€Å"King George’s War.† All three of these wars led up to the Seven Years War, also known as the French and Indian War. As the British colonies grew in population and wealth, the British government began to worry about the attacks from France and Spain. A French motive for attack on British was their desire for land. This was the time for claiming land and they wanted as much of it as they could get. Also they wanted more wealth and power because according to the theory of mercantilism, the richer you are, the more power you have. Another motive for their attack was that France wanted a market for manufactured goods. They also wanted a source for raw materials to make goods. At first the war went badly for the English. To str engthen the defense of the colonies, General Edward Braddock set out with 1400 British troops and 450 colonials to try to take Fort Duquesne. The French had built this fort in Pittsburgh. Braddock had been warned by Benjamin Franklin to watch out for surprise attacks by the Indians, but he did not listen. Wars in Europe were orderly and they were usually fought only in good weather, on open fields, and armies faced each other. To Braddock’s surprise, the French and Indians did not follow the etiquette of Old World Warfare. They caught Braddock off guard when the attacked his army. The general was killed, and 976 of his men were killed or wounded. In 1757 William Pitt came to power as prime minister of England. He put new life into the nation’s armies and its fleets spread over the globe. He removed the weak and the old and put in the young and strong. In the campaigns of 1758, the British and Americans working together were victorious...

How do designers in their work benefit or suffer from 'the network Essay

How do designers in their work benefit or suffer from 'the network society' (Manuel Castells) - Essay Example The internet has in the recent past become the fibre of the modern social life. According to the available statistics, the number of people who uses internet has grown from under 40 million in 1995 to more than 1.5 million in 2009 (Stalder 2006, p.79). Manuel Castells, a senior professor of sociology have been studying the changes that are brought about by modern technology in the society and have developed a theory of â€Å"Network Society†. The theory talks about society which is not controlled by distance and time (Castells 2007, p. 265). A network society is a society whose social structure is composed of networks which are empowered by communication strategies and micro-electronic-based information. According to Castells, network is an inter-connection between different nodes. Despite being a traditional human practice, network has in modern days taken a new form by becoming an informational network which is enhanced by internet. Due to the ever expanding use of technolog y in modern societal operations, designers in different entities have as well benefited from the emergence of network society. Despite the highly hyped benefits of networks societies, some designers have suffered severely from the modern technology. The essay below focuses on how designers in their work benefit or suffer from the network society. Benefits of Network Society to Designers The core aim of contemporary technology is to advance the living status of the general population. The objective of the technology is projected to be achieved by developing mechanisms that can reduce the amount of labour and increased the level of outcome. The emergence of modern technology has a substantial encouraging impact to modern designers. Modern network is extraordinarily flexible and has wide scope compared to traditional networks. The flexibility of a network society is therefore very helpful for designers in facilitating instant and dependable access to relevant social organisations and s tructures (Stalder, 2006, p.79). Networks in modern society are proliferated in all aspects of the social facets including: outperforming cooperates, outcompeting centralised bureaucracies and economy. This has reduced the complications that may be countered by designers in accessing several social and economic entities. Prior to the emergence of internet, designers were faced with intricate barrier in fulfilling their task and in managing their daily functions. This was especially the case in the situation when their operations are huge and more complex to be accomplished by one entity. However, modern development has brought about a network society that fits extensively in designers’ operations and interactions. Secondly, network society has also brought about exceptional combination between task and flexibility which has led to sophisticated form of human action. As a result, designers are at present in a better position to make well coordinated decisions with the inclusio n of all players in the society. The grouping between flexibility and task has as well led to effective execution of horizontal communication which is vital for efficient operation in designer profession. In addition, due to the existence of network society, the boundaries between other type of communication and mass media have in the recent past blurred. As a result, the weakening boundary between mass communication and other forms of communication such as social media and printed media

Modest proposal , satire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Modest proposal , satire - Essay Example It is needless for them to secure a well-paying job at the dollar store and idle around watching television, munching their snacks, and getting fat. What they do is blend in and struggle to capture their prey. I like the way animals obey the survival of the fittest concept. If an animal is imperfect, it dies; be it of starvation or sickness. If not, it gets consumed by the strong ones, but still, it died because it was not worth living. This is the reason why imperfect animals are a rare species in this kingdom. They get sick, feeble, and when they are unable to be resourceful to find water or food, or can’t just fight it off, they die. Failure to run fast enough to outsmart or outrun their predators, they are simply killed (Simpson vii). Just like the case for animals, there are human beings who are of little benefit to any individual or to anything. How I wish there was a shopping mall, where 30% of all expired people could be disposed off and leave the fresh ones. What if all useless lives who are being wasted are gotten rid of and a world of perfection be created? Life would be so easy. If someone is too weak to fight off a disease, or if he or she can’t provide for the self or worse off, if such a person is simply stupid, he or she ought to be left alone to die or be killed. Both techniques work but I can suggest that they be ignored to death than being killed because it sounds more humane (Vernay 293). What is the point of leaving a street beggar to continue surviving instead of leaving? Just help by sending him or her to where there is a little comfort! I mean sincerely we spend a lot of cash and so much resources comforting and preserving things that should not even be living. It even gets worse when I think of the way more babies continue to be produced annually. It seems like every one is sleeping around with just everyone. I get pissed of more to see a couple

Atmospheric Science Essay Example for Free

Atmospheric Science Essay The first being a localised wind shear event caused by rapid cooling and descent of a column of air, the second being the build-up of ice on an aircraft as it flies through certain conditions. Each weather condition is explained in detail, with emphasis on how and why it is dangerous in the context of aviation. Two aircraft crashes, each relating to one of the weather conditions, are analysed and the meteorological factors that led to the crash examined. The official National Transport Safety Board (NTSB) documents are used as a reference. 1. 0 Introduction Meteorological conditions have an obvious influence on aviation and can be extremely hazardous in certain situations. The experience or ability of a pilot can often become irrelevant if the aircraft gets caught in a one of the many dangerous weather phenomena known to cause aviation accidents. Thunderstorms, lightning, wind shear and icing were deemed responsible for downing 4927 general aviation aircraft between 1994-2003 in the USA alone (National Transportation Safety Board, 2004). This report will focus primarily on two weather phenomena; Microbursts (Wet/Dry) and Aircraft Icing. Each meteorological condition will be explained in detail and an example of an aviation accident relating to the two types of weather condition will be analysed. 2. 0 Microburst A microburst is a rapidly descending column of air generally caused by a temperature differential associated with rain clouds. Tetsuya Fujita, a leading weather expert, defines a microburst as ‘affecting an area less then 4km in diameter’, separating a microburst from the more common ‘wind shear’, which generally affects far larger areas. Cool air descends beneath cloud cover, accelerating towards the ground before spreading linearly outward, resulting in localised high wind speeds in a radial pattern, with damage converging on the point of initial contact with the ground (see Figure. 1). For airliners and smaller aircraft alike, microbursts pose a significant threat especially at take-off and landing. Sudden and drastic variance in vertical/horizontal wind speed due to microbursts has been attributed to at least 59 general aviation crashes in the period between 1994 and 2003 (NTSB, 2004). Figure 1: The rapidly moving cold air hits the ground and spreads out horizontally. These phenomena can last anywhere between a few seconds and several minutes. Sudden wind gusts of up to 270km/h have been recorded as a direct result of microbursts. A microburst develops in three distinct phases: 1. Downburst: A body of air underneath a cloud is cooled by precipitation or virga (rain that evaporates before hitting the ground) and begins to descend. This downdraft accelerates and eventually makes contact with the ground. 2. Outburst: Having hit the ground, the air spreads out horizontally, driven by the column of air descending behind it. 3. Cushion: The air that is in contact with the ground begins to slow due to friction while the air above continues to push down and accelerate outward. Microbursts can be further categorized into ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ varieties. A wet microburst is produced as a result of warm and humid air being suddenly cooled. Precipitation or hail cools the column of air through which it is falling, resulting in a downdraft and subsequent outburst of wet air. A wet microburst is partially driven by the downward frictional force of the falling precipitation and therefore relies on a high saturation level in order to form. These microbursts are generally easy to spot as strong shafts of precipitation can be seen hitting the ground and then spreading horizontally. Dry microbursts on the other hand are generally caused by virga underneath high level cumulus clouds with little to no surface precipitation. Moisture in and underneath these clouds cools an otherwise dry and warm column of air to a point where the temperature differential creates enough negative buoyancy to begin the downburst phase. Both wet and dry microbursts depend on mid-level moisture, the adiabatic lapse rate in the sub-cloud layer and relative humidity at ground level (Wakimoto, 985). These variables are complicated to model and forecast, making microbursts extremely difficult to predict. This poses a particular risk to aircraft at lower altitudes as dry microbursts can occur in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) with little to no warning, resulting in loss of control due to sudden crosswind or severe increase/decrease in lift due to either headwind of tailwind (depending on direction of flight relative to the microburst). The smaller scale of microbursts translates to much steeper wind shear gradients and therefore a much more hazardous situation then standard wind shear. 2. 1 Crash Analysis (Dry Microburst) On 24th July 2005 a single-engine Beach N35 was destroyed shortly after take-off from Salt Lake City municipal airport, Utah. All three passengers on board at the time sustained fatal injuries as a result of the crash (NTSB Incident DEN05FA114, 2005). The aircraft was found to be approximately 50kg over normal operating weight, but still within maximum parameters. According to the NTSB investigation, both the pilot and the pilot-rated passenger had checked the local weather briefing from the flight services station, and believing there to be minimal risk, proceeded to attempt take-off. Witnesses in the area reported that the plane took off without incident but stalled during climb approximately 150ft above the ground. The plane then rolled sharply, lost altitude and impacted with terrain within the aerodrome boundary. Autopsy results from the passengers ruled out any edical cause for the crash and mechanical failure was ruled out based on witness reports and examination of the wreckage. At the time of the crash, the local weather briefing included a warning for high level thunderstorms in the area; however weather data confirmed the complete absence of precipitation and minimal wind until the time of the accident. The NTSB report states that conditions were extremely favourable for the formation of dry microbursts, and goes on to state the cra sh was likely caused by ‘a dry microburst from high level thunderstorms in the area’ (NTSB Probable Cause Report DEN05FA114, 2006). Although the conditions did not seem dangerous based on weather briefings and pilot judgement, an unexpected microburst occurred in the area of the aerodrome during take-off. This likely caused a sudden increase in tailwind, stalling the aircraft and resulting in loss of height and eventual collision with the ground (See Figure 2). There is very little the pilot could have done in this situation as there was no real warning of this event occurring. This crash is a prime example of the unpredictability and hazardous nature of microbursts. Figure 2: Impact of microburst on aircraft during take-off. (Cotton, W. R, 2010). 3. 0 Aircraft Icing Icing can be a major issue for aircraft of all sizes/types and according to the NTSB, resulted in 350 general aviation accidents between 1994-2003 (NTSB, 2004). Icing will only occur in specific meteorological conditions where the atmosphere contains droplets of supercooled liquid water which will instantly form ice crystals upon contact with an aircraft. The likelihood of icing is defined quantitatively by the average droplet size, Liquid Water Content (LWC) and local atmospheric temperature. This makes icing conditions fairly straightforward to forecast given adequate weather recording systems in the area. Most aircraft are not rated to fly in known icing conditions and local weather services are obligated to warn against flying into such situations. Icing can occur in a number of ways on an aircraft. The most common is structural icing, where ice crystals form on the exterior surfaces of the aircraft. This can cause a considerable decrease in performance as the ice adds weight and inhibits the flow of air over the wing. Severe icing can also restrict movement of control surfaces and cause a pilot to lose control. Icing can also affect engine performance through carburettor or inlet icing. Icing, accelerated by the venturi effect as humid air enters the air inlet, can impede airflow and restrict the mechanical workings within the carburettor (See Figure 3). Fuel-injected systems, although not directly susceptible to carburettor icing, can still suffer from air intake icing which can slow down or completely block airflow into the engine. This can have a negative impact on engine performance and eventually lead to loss of engine function. Figure 3: Build up of Icing in Induction System (Civil Aviation Authority, 2000) According to the Terry T. Lankford in his book ‘Aircraft Icing: A Pilot’s Guide’ (1999) there are several different types of icing that can occur on an aircraft, all of which have the potential to hamper sustained flight: * Clear Ice: Supercooled liquid droplets strike the aircraft and then slowly freeze into large ice formations that can protrude out from the aircraft. * Rime Ice: Supercooled liquid droplets strike the aircraft and freeze instantly into a thin layer of ice that coats the exterior of the aircraft. Runback Ice: Droplets strike the aircraft and collect in unprotected areas of the aircraft, forming solid areas of ice that can hamper the free movement of control surfaces. * SLD Ice: Super-cooled Large Droplet ice forms when above-average size droplets strike the aircraft and freeze in a similar way to Clear Ice. This icing can occur very quickly and form large ice crystal s anywhere on the aircraft. Icing can be avoided by simply not flying into the meteorological conditions known to produce ice. However, many aircraft manufacturers include anti-icing systems that can be used in-flight in the event of unexpected icing. External surfaces can be heated by routing engine gases through ducts in the structure of the aircraft or via electrical heating. Another method is the use of ‘deicing boots’. These consist of a sealed rubber membrane stretched over the leading edge of a wing, which can inflate pneumatically in flight and break the ice off the aircraft. A more drastic method in some larger aircraft is an anti-icing fluid distribution system, which delivers fluid directly to areas where icing is occurring via tubes and spray nozzles. Within the air inlet, exhaust gases are rerouted or carburettor heat applied to minimise icing. In many aircraft, an alternate air inlet is also available in the event of complete blockage. Extreme icing can contribute to the crash of an aircraft by reducing performance to the point where sustained flight becomes impossible. Structural or carburettor icing, or in some cases a combination of the two, is a dangerous situation for any pilot if the correct actions are not taken to avoid an accident. 3. 1 Crash Analysis (Icing) On 16th of February 2007 a twin-engine Cessna 340A crashed into a snowy mountainside 3nm South-Southeast of Council Bluffs Municipal Airport, Iowa. At the time of the crash Night Instrument Meteorological conditions prevailed in the area. The pilot and three passengers sustained fatal injuries as a result of the crash. NTSB records indicate that the pilot had obtained the local weather briefing, which stated the possibility of ‘moderate icing’ and ‘moderate turbulence’ in the area. This was confirmed by other pilots and witnesses, who had reported icing below 9000ft earlier in the day. The Current Icing Potential (CIP) for the area was recorded as being a ‘70% probability of severe icing between 9000ft and 3000ft’ (NTSB Probable Cause Report CHI07FA073). As such, the aircraft likely encountered severe icing and possibly wind shear on descent, resulting in loss of control and subsequent collision with the ground. The aircraft, a 1977 Cessna 340A, was equipped with inflatable deicing boots to prevent major icing on the leading edge of the wings. However, post-crash analysis of the wreckage reported that the system had either not been deployed or was not functioning correctly during the flight prior to the crash. In this case, the pilot failed to acknowledge the potential for icing and take the proper precautions in conditions that had been determined very likely to produce severe aircraft icing. The accident occurred at night in low visibility conditions, further hampering the pilot’s ability to safely land the aircraft. It is clear that icing is at least partially responsible for the accident, with icing on the external surfaces and air inlets likely contributing to the eventual crash. The accident occurred at night in low visibility conditions, further hampering the pilot’s ability to safely land the aircraft. The accident was probably avoidable if the weather warnings had been acknowledged and the planned rote revised to minimise the risk of icing. 4. 0 Conclusion Both of these meteorological conditions, as well as all other hazardous weather phenomena, can be extremely hazardous if weather warnings are ignored or proper actions taken to minimise risk while flying. In some cases these conditions cannot be accurately predicted, and the responsibility therefore falls onto the pilot to determine whether it is safe to fly in the area.