Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa

In today’s society the majority of men and women all try to live up to this vision of absolute perfection within our physical appearances. The desire to be thin becomes an obsession and girls will view thinness as something you have to achieve. Most girls’ will try all different kinds of diets and exercise compulsively. The obsession over girls’ appearances and weight has lead to an increasing number of cases of eating disorders. According to a National Institute of Mental Health article (Eating Disorders, 2016), an eating disorder is an illness that causes physical disturbance to your everyday diet. A person who is stressed or concerned about their body weight is a sign that he or she might have an eating disorder. Out of all the eating disorders, the two most common are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where people, who are underweight, see themselves as overweight. People with anorexia are obsessed with weighing them selves and eat small portions of a certain type of food. Some people can also have binge-eating disorder by self-vomiting, excessive exercising and extreme dieting. Anorexia is the fear of becoming fat and in order to stay thin, the person stops eating causing malnutrition and instead of becoming thin and they get skinny. Symptoms of anorexia include: extreme thinness, the intense fear of gaining weight, extreme restricted eating, and a self-esteem that is heavily influenced by body image. Other symptoms thatShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1830 Words   |  8 Pagesneeded to be thin. She would do all she can to get thin. She would look in the mirror and see herself as being fat and ugly. So she chooses not to eat or she binge eat and then purge. Now Addie has what is called an eating disorder. An eating disorder is can be described as abnormal eating to alter the body image due to psychological reasons. According to Janet Belsky, it can al so be classified as a pathological obsession with getting and staying thin. (Belsky 252) They are associated with a wide rangeRead MoreEating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa2131 Words   |  9 PagesUsing the cases of two eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), or obesity, one can determine that health and illnesses are just as much of a societal and cultural issue, as they are a medical issue. Eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia are both mental illnesses. Anorexia nervosa involves starving oneself to avoid gaining weight, while bulimia involves binge eating followed by purging to avoid weight gain (Gerber and Macionis 2012). Both of these disorders stem from a fear ofRead More The Prevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder1723 Words   |  7 PagesPrevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder How prevalent is anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders? Without the knowledge of research, one is likely to think eating disorders are quite prevalent in society today. However, research proves that eating disorders, in general, are not as prevalent as one might think without any knowledge of the subject. Prevalence of an eating disorder refers to the number of cases of an eating disorder within aRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia, And Binge Eating1453 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States of America 20 million women, and 10 million men suffer from a clinically significant eating disorder at some time in their life. There are three types of eating disorders, Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating. Eating disorders can be life-threatening conditions that can affect a person’s physical health, and emotional. Something that serious has people wondering what exactly is causing these people to risk their health on it? One possibility would be social influencesRead MoreEating Disorders: Physical and Psychological Damages Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Disordered Eating825 Words   |  4 PagesEating Disorders: Physical and Psychological Damages Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and disordered eating. Thats all we see in the bathroom stalls on the seventh floor in Hayes Ââ€" Healy. What exactly are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and disordered eating? Anorexia, bulimia, and disordered eating are habits that become an eating disorder. There are two sides to understanding the problems of eating disorders. One side is the emotional or psychological side that is affected by eating disordersRead MoreBulimia Nervosa and Anorexia Nervosa Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders are extremely harmful and rising in prevalence. . The two most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. In this essay, I will compare and contrast these two disorders. This essay wi ll also assess the symptoms, causes, health affects and the most prevalent characteristics of people diagnosed with these two eating disorders. â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by self-starvation to avoid obesity. People with this disorder believe they are overweight, evenRead MoreHow Eating Disorders Affect Health772 Words   |  3 PagesEating Disorders are conditions in which involves irregular eating habits, either insufficient or excessive food, that affects inimical the body’s image and mental health (Wikipedia). It affects men and women of all ages, but it has a greater impact among adolescences and young adults. In the United States, 24 million Americans are battling eating disorders, in which 1 million are males and 23 million are females. An individual who portraits this condition may have an irrational self-image thoughtRead MoreA Brief Note On Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1280 Words   |  6 PagesAnorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Eating disorders are classified as mental disorders and can lead to life threatening damage. It is important to manage eating disorders to prevent health effects. There are many different possibilities for patients with disorders. Common treatments for eating disorders can consists of counselor or therapists. Early detection is important to limit future oral health effects. A dental hygienist has an advantage to see the inside of the mouth for possible traumaRead MoreInfluence Of Society On A Teenager1039 Words   |  5 Pagessuffer from anorexia and bulimia. Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are two common eating disorders. They both result in a poor caloric intake. In anorexia, the poor calorie intake is due to inadequate eating. In bulimia, the person vomits soon after a meal without digestion and absorption. They are many similarities as well as the difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Before I compare the two, let’s get to know a little bit more about what Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa trulyRead MoreEating Disorders : Deterioration Of The Mind1117 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders: Deterioration of the Mind By: Genevieve Narkiewicz Advance Placement Psychology Mr.Cuetara May 4th, 2015 Abstract Eating disorders are in no way, to be considered â€Å"no big deal†. It affects the lives of many poor unsuspecting human beings and in some cases, fatally takes lives. This topic presents many things that most people don’t know. Such as the fact that bulimia nervosa has similar symptoms to using the drug heroin! Rotten teeth, pale and dry skin, and even failing Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa Imagine that Addie, a teenager, has become very self-conscious of her body and felt like she needed to be thin. She would do all she can to get thin. She would look in the mirror and see herself as being fat and ugly. So she chooses not to eat or she binge eat and then purge. Now Addie has what is called an eating disorder. An eating disorder is can be described as abnormal eating to alter the body image due to psychological reasons. According to Janet Belsky, it can also be classified as a pathological obsession with getting and staying thin. (Belsky 252) They are associated with a wide range of adverse psychological, physical, and social consequences. People become obsessed with checking their weight so they are constantly looking†¦show more content†¦There are cases where eating disorders coincide with mental illnesses such as depression, sexual abuse, child abuse, and social media bullying. Most cases with sexual abuse the person often becomes depressed and feel lik e they do not matter because this is happening to them. After surviving such traumatic even some survivors turn to food to cope. It in turns become and obsession and causes them to spiral out of control. They also use food to hide their true feelings of this experience, especially if it becomes too overwhelming for them. They use food to avoid relationships and love and deem this as safe because food will not hurt them. They felt helpless and out of control with the abuse that with food it is easy to control. They tend to over eat and purge or monitor what they eat and get very thin. Eating habits like this only helps cope short term but what about long term. During child abuse, a child can feel like they are not good enough for their parent and try to change by altering their body image. They think â€Å"maybe mom will love me more if I’m skinny and perfect†, or they think that turning to food will give them comfort and love they do not get from their parents. In so me cases, the disorder will not be the child’s fault because what if the parents are starving them. It is not fair that a parent would do that but it does happen. Being a teenager,

John Steinbeck Essay - 1174 Words

John Steinbeck A novelist is someone who writes novels, or writes a fancy work of fiction which often has a complicated plot, many major and minor characters, a significant theme, and several varied settings. A novelist will use literary devices such as characterization, tone, symbolism, imagery, and figurative language. John Steinbeck, an American novelist, uses many literary devices such as metaphors, similes, imagery, and figurative language along with excellent descriptive words to develop his characters and vividly describe their surroundings. His masterly of these and other techniques, in my opinion, is why John Steinbeck’s novels, like The Grape’s of Wrath and Of Mice and Men, have survived the test of time. John’s†¦show more content†¦Joseph was a Jungian and a mythologist. He also was the person responsible for getting Steinbeck’s Pastures of Heaven published later that year. In 1933, Joseph also helped publish To a God Unknown and The Red Pony Stories. 1934 was an extremely tragic year for Mr. Steinbeck, the year began good when his story, â€Å"The Murder†, appeared in O. Henry Prize Stories. Later that year, John was dealt a tremendous blow when his mother died. John was so upset that he did not write anything for another year. Then when he began to recover and start writing again, his father died in 1936. At that time, John Steinbeck was about half way through writing Of Mice and Men. Again because of John’s despair, he was not able to finish this book right away. But finally he was able to finish it in 1937, and it was published and became his first best seller. In 1939, Steinbeck’s had his favorite year, John was elected to The National Institute of Arts and Letters. He also published his Pulitzer Prize winning novel The Grapes of Wraith. The year of 1944 had many ups and downs for John Steinbeck. A wonderful event was the birth of his first son on the second of August. John had to fight to have his name removed from the credits of Lifeboat because he believed he did not believe in racism and he believed it was involved and promoted in the film. In 1962, Steinbeck was honored again with the award of The Nobel Prize in literature.Show MoreRelatedJohn Steinbeck2062 Words   |  9 Pages5th century AD overtime Literary works have been develop such as novel, poems, and short stories. Short Stories are described has miniature versions of books or novels, where an author takes a tale and crams it into a ten to twenty page story. John Steinbeck is not only a well-known novelist, but also writes short stories like â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† and â€Å"Flight†. In Steinbeck’s â€Å"T he Chrysthemums† Elisa Allen is married to a negligent ranch owner. While her husband works on the ranch, Elisa tends toRead More John Steinbeck Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pages John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902 in Salinas, California, a farming community with of about 2500 people. He was the third of four children and the only son of John Ernst and Olive Hamiton Steinbeck. His sisters Beth and Esther were much older than John and he felt closest to Mary, the youngest. He spent his childhood and adolescence in the Salinas Valley, which he later called â€Å"the salad bowl of the nation.† John’s mother, Olive, was the daughter of Irish immigrants. She left her parents’Read MoreEssay on John Steinbeck1019 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck #9; John Steinbeck was a famous American author who wrote from the 1920 to the 1940. Steinbeck was constantly moving across the country trying to succeed as a writer. John Steinbeck lived a life of constant up and downs, successes and failures before he landed on his feet and became a famous author. #9;John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California on February 27, 1902. He was the only son and the third child of John Ernst Steinbeck and Olive Hamilton. Steinbecks fatherRead MoreLife of John Steinbeck974 Words   |  4 Pagesauthor or writer? One of the famous American writer was John Steinbeck. He earned a Nobel prize of literature from his American classic novels that he had written in the past. The Nobel prize was not the only award that he had earned for his literature, he earned different awards for his writings also (John Stein..). John Steinbeck is a man who had overcome different obstacles and being successful in life. Everyone has a life history, John Steinbeck also has a history of his own. His life story beganRead MoreThe Pearl By John Steinbeck871 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pearl A pearl...is it worth $1,000, $100,000, or the risk of the death of your valuable family’s lives? John Steinbeck answers this question with the novella, The Pearl. Kino was an impecunious man. He lived with his wife Juana, and his very young son Coyotito. Together, they lived buoyantly as a family. One day, he uncovered a small yet bijou pearl that affected the whole family and even the entire town! Will the pearl eventually bring wealth and happiness to his family, or will it make theRead MoreThe Peral by John Steinbeck780 Words   |  3 PagesIf a homeless man were to win a $1,000,000 lottery, how would he handle the circumstance? In The Pearl, John Steinbeck depicts the story of Kino, a destitute Mexican-Indian male who devotes his life towards his wife and newborn son. He discovers a great pearl that seems to have the potential to change his life for the better; however, Steinbeck shows how Kino’s discovery of a great fortune can lead to disaster. The pearl instal ls greed in Kino as he desires to improve his social status, and overallRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums By John Steinbeck982 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story written by John Steinbeck. The story was originally published in 1937 before later being released as a part of his The Long Valley collection. This is an important story as it expresses women in a way that is more realistic, showing their true boredom, ambition, and capabilities. Some scholars interpreted this story differently, but C. Kenneth Pellow interprets it as â€Å"radically feministic.† The Great Depression was finally ending and women’s rights were risingRead MoreThe Greatness of John Steinbeck1761 Words   |  7 PagesThe Greatness of Steinbeck Why is faith and friendship a vital part of life? In his writing, John Steinbeck beautifully captured life in the United States during the 20th century. In 1929, the stock market crashed, sparking the Great Depression. The Great Depression was a worldwide economic depression that occurred in the 20th century. It had devastating effects on everyone, from the rich to the poor. After the Great Depression, Steinbeck published Of Mice and Men, a book about two men, George andRead MoreThe Pearl, By John Steinbeck903 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Pearl, written by John Steinbeck, take place in La Paz, Mexico, where a pleasant family composed of Kino, his wife, Juana, and their son, Coyotito. One day, their son is bitten by a scorpion and Juana and Kino go see a local doctor, who refuses to treat Coyotito. Kino, a pearl diver, finds a pearl with immense value which he believes will pay for the treatment. However, the pearl brings great misfortune upon the family. As the novel progresses, J uana disagrees that the pearl will help herRead MoreThe Pearl By John Steinbeck815 Words   |  4 PagesGreed can ruin you, your family, and everyone around you. Some of the characters in The Pearl by John Steinbeck demonstrate great signs of greed others show a lack of greed. Greed can Mentally and physically destroy a man. And in this case it did. Kino. Is of great importance in The Pearl he is brave and smart. But when he fell into wealth while pearl diving in his family canoe. His whole life changed, he went from a simple man with almost no problems to a man who was constantly being

Movie Summary Gran Torino Essay Example For Students

Movie Summary Gran Torino Essay Clint Eastwood the director and producer of ‘Gran Torino’ is about a Korean war veteran who’s the only American left living on the street of Detroit while other families and people from different ethnicity or culture move in around him. Walt Kowalski the role that Clint Eastwood is playing is the protagonist of the movie and he is represented to be a tough old man who has had enough of the people around him and he had just lost someone important in his life, his wife. The antagonist which is Spider, a leader of a Hmong asian gang also cousins with the neighbor of Walt, Thao and Sue Lor. Spider is trying to get Thao to join their gang but caught up between family issues. Walt Kowalski’s sons are materialistic and weak which does not portray the same masculinity that Walt has and his grandchildren are disrespectful and shallow. The plot develops as he decides to help the Hmong family that just moved next door, overcomes his prejudice by helping Thao, and putting an end to the terrorization of the relative gangsters. A particular scene which is powerful and is very important though out the whole movie is the scene where the wive of Walt Kowalski funeral. The scene is introduced by a wide opening shot to show the other people in the chapel and to introduce Walt’s family. The panning shot stops in front of Walt. This is to show his body language and his responses towards the situation. A close up shot to one of the kids at the funeral as she comes to sit down wearing inappropriate clothing for a funeral. This then shows his hatred glare towards the disrespectful grand daughter. This scene is to show that his grand children are disrespectful and shallow and to show that Walt has no interest in them or affection for them. His two grown sons are the complete opposite figures to walt. Anti-Walt figures of masculinity, they are shown to be weak, hopeless men being tossed around by their materialistic wives. He also shows no interest in bonding with his parish priest, another representation of weak, white masculinity. We are meant to feel the disgusted and disappointment towards the grand children and is sons due to the fact that they have grown them as spoilt shallow kids. After the funeral service, a party is held at Walt’s house, in this scene he tries to avoid his son by getting some chairs from the basement but the son offered to help. Then Walt responded saying, â€Å"No, I need them now, not next week†. This shows how Walt sees his son to be weak and not represented to be masculine unlike Walt. Camera angles used in the scene were low angles, and high shots. Low angle shots are used to make Walt look like a more dominant figure and to make him look like he is more powerful than his son. Another particular scene which is also powerful and emotive is where Walt confronts Thao who was peer pressured their cousin Spider the antagonist of the movie, to steal Walts Gran Torino. The representation of masculinity in the scene is racialized in such a way where the masculinity of the Hmong Boy is showed to be intimidated by a more dominant figure which in this case Walt holding a M1 Garand. In this scene Walt catches Thao attempting to steal his car. We are meant to feel disappointed and betrayed by Thao ruining and shattering the trust between him and Walt. In this scene an establishing shot is used showing the viewer who is going to be in the scene. As walt walks up the shot use is a slight low angle, this is to show how intimidating and powerful Walt is compared to Thao. The shot also uses low lighting, low lighting is used to give a sense of suspense between Thao and Walt. In the film the centre piece is Walt’s Gran Torino, which symbolizes his greatness and masculinity. .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 , .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .postImageUrl , .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 , .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:hover , .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:visited , .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:active { border:0!important; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:active , .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70 .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e65dd7984f197bdeb85b394365bfe70:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Scarlet Letter - Film Analysis EssayTo Thao, the boy Walt lends a helping hand to, the car is the one reason why Thao and Walt’s life changes because trough Thao failing to steal the car, Thao gets to know Walt. In the next scene walt tries to help Thao â€Å"man up† through teaching him tough mannerisms and the use of vulgar language. In this scene Walt helps Thao â€Å"man up† by teaching him some social skills so that he would be able to apply for a job. Walt bring Thao to his barber, and through a series of trading racial slurs, Thao learns how to â€Å"talk like a real man† by trading racist insults. This scene in the barbershop, shows that through an exchange in racial insults on greeting someone can show forms of white masculinity. Walt’s only relationships in the film with friends are started shared by an exchange of racist language. For Walt to be able to regard Thao as a â€Å"real man,† he has to be initiated into this racist ritual. As for Thao and Sue, they have created a strong bond with Walt. Sue sees Walt to have same characteristic as their father, and old school and really traditional. Sue and Thao see’s Walt to not just be a dominant figure but a father like figure. Walt has supported the Hmong family so much that they had developed a friendly relationship where they can trust each other. The scene is introduced by a establishing shot where it shows the viewer who’s in the scene, in this case Thao cleaning the car and Walt sitting down eating lunch. The panning shot stops in behind Walt and showing Sue walking up the stairs about to have a conversation with Walt. We are shown that Walt has changed for the better and through this it makes us feel more enlightened where the conflict between Walt and the Hmong family are over. This scene is to show that Walt had developed a friendly relationship to Sue and Thao. Later on strengthening the bond they have together through Sue and Thao learning the American culture from Walt. This uses a slight low angle to still show that Walt is still in charge. In this scene Sue later on explains that Walt had same characteristics has their father did before he passed away such as they were both old school and traditional, Sue wished his father was more like Walt, protective and less strict. They see Walt as a father like figure, a person that they can look up to.? Gran Torino is a great movie with an important message and filled with inspiration. Not only does Gran Torino illustrate the importance of helping others, but it also talks about overcoming prejudice. Walt has problems at first understanding the Hmong culture, but as he gets to know his neighbors he understands that in a way they are no different than him.?

Processes of Standardization Influenced

Question: Discuss about the Processes of Standardization Influenced. Answer: Introduction: In general, the standardization of English can be conceptualized as a process through which the language came to achieve a unified form of writing, spelling and speaking in the world. As a matter of fact, the process of standardization spans over a long period of time. In other words, in the history of English language, there is no specific event that can be attributed to the standardization of the language (Bauer, 2014). The standardization has taken place throughout many centuries and in the Germanic language which has continually spread throughout the world. Nonetheless, the changing of Middle English to Early Modern English appears like the final stages of English language standardization. Bauer (2014) argues that some numerous factors including social, intellectual and contributions from different scholars played significant roles in the development of English language. In this sense, the paper discusses how the processes of standardization influenced the form and attitude towar ds Englishes. In respect to this view, the essay will approach the question regarding discussing the inception of standardization and choosing of a standard variety, functions of the language, codification, and attitudes towardsEnglish and Englishes in different parts of the world today. Standardization and Choosing of a Standard Variety There are four known periods through which the English language underwent (Bauer, 2014: Bolton, 2004). The first period, Old English period, occurred between 400AD and 1100AD. Middle English followed between 1100 AD and 1500 AD whereas the thirds stage, Early Modern English dates between 1500AD and 1800AD. The final period that marks the formation of the modern English begun in 1800. Essentially, England, by the end of the Middle English had five distinct dialects. The Northumbrian Old English dialect later developed into the Northern and Scots English. Similarly, the West Midlands and the East Midlands dialects resulted from the Mercian dialect of the old English. According to Bolton (2004), the old English was an inflectional language that chiefly used symbols. Bolton also maintains that the symbols and the structure of the ancient English did not resemble the modern English. The standardization of English language involves a number of stages. The first one is the selection stage. Selection is necessary because the English language has numerous dialects. For instance, there are situational varieties, class dialects and regional dialects. It involves the selection of an already existing dialect. Therefore, the dialect chosen for English standardization was the Middle English which was a dialect of the East Midlands. Second, is the acceptance stage. This stage involves the acceptance of the selected variety by the community. Acceptance is enhanced by ensuring promotion, spread, establishment, and enforcement of the language norms. The third stage is known as the elaboration stage. In this stage, the selected dialect is elaborated and expanded further to serve the needs for its selection. Elaboration and expansion entail the enrichment of the language by elaborating the grammatical structures and addition of vocabulary (Lass, 1999). Thus, the east midland English was elaborated through borrowing or importation of lexemes from Latin and French. Additionally, there was also the elaboration of the structure through the incorporation of the Latin structure. The fourth stage is known as the codification stage. The stage, thus, involves making of both vocabulary and grammar explicit. The (vocabulary and grammar) are written down as well. Once the language is codified through writing, it is acknowledged by vast population and is use spreads widely (Lass, 1999). Lass (1999) notes other changes can be done through regulation upon the codification of English. A particular community can initiate the changes. The final stage is known as the implementation stage. Here, the chosen English variety is implemented within a community. For instance, English is made the medium of instruction in learning institutions and the adoption of the language by other institutions such as media, law, and government. These are the defining factors that enhanced the spread of English to a global level (Northrup, 2013) Soon after the selection and elaboration of the Standard English, the language was then codified in dictionaries and grammar (Lass, 1999). Primarily, the social institutions such as media, printing, and law adopted the use of the Standard English. Therefore, the first grammars and dictionaries of English language were purposely written so as to identify and spread the new form of English. As a result, there rose the perception that the new form of English, which was also considered as the best English was the language of the best people (Crystal, 1997). According to Crystal (1997), anything outside the best English was morally, linguistically and socially lesser. In other words, all other varieties of English are considered as dialects. They are implicitly stigmatized as less significant and usually associated with the speakers who belong to a lower social class (citation). As a result of standardizing English, other dialects including the western, northern and southern dialects were highly ignored hence they were classified as second class languages. Nonetheless, the dialects were not fossilized since they were still used by the persons in those areas. A period towards the end of the Early Modern English was marked by an attempt to set up an academy in England as it was in Italy and France (Crystal, 1997). Nevertheless, the idea was not implemented since there was a general view that French did not stick to the language despite having an academy. The resistance, however, did not hinder the codification of English by means of grammar and dictionaries. Attitude towards English and Englishes in Different Parts of the World Today The attitude towards English and Englishes has dramatic effects in most parts of the world today (Bragg, 2003). Notably, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of people who use English across the world today. Consequently, more countries are continuously making changes in their language policies so as to incorporate English language (Schneider, 2014). Previously, English was held as a language of the English speaking countries. Nonetheless, today, the language is increasingly used not only by these countries but also by the non-native speakers (Crystal, 1997). In this view, therefore, English is used as a foreign or a second language. Galloway and Rose (2015) contend that there have been different attitudes towards English and Englishes across the world. For instance, the attitude towards the use of English in India varies across different people. There are some varying reactions towards the use of English in India and more particularly, based on the colonial grounds (Bragg, 2003). Nonetheless, the use of English in this content has received paramount support. For instance, while Gadhi termed English as an alien language and a form of slavery (Crystal, 1997), President Nehru felt the need to continue using English since it would enhance some developments in science and technology as well boost Indias industrialization. Nevertheless, it is evident that the attitude towards English is becoming more favorable across India (Jenkins, 2014). According to Jenkins (2014), its use has penetrated fields such as the mass media, administration, commerce, judiciary, science, and technology. He also connotes that its use has not affected aspects such as religion, social functions, cultural customs and festivals as well as interpersonal relationships. Additionally, there is a varying view about the Indian English. Jenkins (2003) again says t hat the Indian English is seen as a nativised or Indianized form of English. The Indian variety, therefore, has its distinct rules of grammar, vocabulary, syntax and phonology (Jenkins, 2003). Different scholars express different attitudes towards the world's Englishes. Among the contributors are Quirk and Kachru. The former's attitude towards Englishes was mainly based on their use in the outer-circle countries. According to Quirk, the use of Englishes in the outer circle countries was rather some form of interference (Quirk, 1990). In this case, therefore, he advised the teachers of English to maintain a focal point on the native norms and the native performance. He also stressed on the need to not only use English within the inner circle countries but also in others. Thus, Quirk (1990) saw the need to uphold a common standard that would be used in writing and speaking. The adoption of a common standard would thus help in the regulation of the use of English in diverse contexts. His opinion was driven by the perception of the possibility that English would be divided into different forms hence resulting in the loss of the function of international communication. Kachru, on the other hand, was opposed to Quirks view. He held that the norms, when used as speech acts and registers were not relevant to the sociolinguistics especially to the people of the outer circle (Kachru, 1985). In addition, Kachru (1977) also postulated that the acknowledgment of a variety of norms would not result in lack of intelligibility of the different users of English. Essentially, he pointed out that majority of the bilingual users of English acquire English in learning contexts. He maintains that these contexts do put substantial emphasis on certain standard thus ensuring that there are some unifying forms. The attitude towards English and Englishes has raised questions towards teaching as well as the teacher education (Bolton, 2004). For instance, there is the question about the form of English that is appropriate for teaching in the expanding circle. For example, a Turkish student in the United States would be taught the American English. Alternatively, the stude nt ought to be taught the Standard English if she/he wishes to communicate across other cultures (Hsu, 2016). In conclusion, the paper has outlined the process of the standardization of English. It is through the process of standardization that there arose the Standard English. Essentially, the rise and the spread of the Standard English did not result to the fossilization of other Englishes. In this case, therefore, there has been varying attitudes towards both English and Englishes. Thus, it is arguable that the process of standardization has had great influence on both the attitude and form towards Englishes. References Bauer, L. (2014). Watching English change: An introduction to the study of linguistic change in standard Englishes in the 20th century. Routledge. Bolton, K. (2004). World Englishes. In A. Davies C. Elder (Eds.) The handbook of applied linguistics (pp. 367-396). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. Bragg, M. (2003), The Adventure of English, London, Hodder and Stoughton Crystal, D. (1997). English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Galloway, N., Rose, H. (2015). Introducing Global Englishes. Routledge. Graddol, D. (2006). English Next. British Council. https://www.britishcouncil.org/learning-research-english-next.pdf Hsu, T. H. L. (2016). Removing bias towards World Englishes: The development of a Rater Attitude Instrument using Indian English as a stimulus. Language Testing, 33(3), 367-389. Jenkins, J. (2014). Global Englishes: A resource book for students. Routledge. Jenkins, J. (2003), World Englishes, London: Routledge. Kachru, B. B. (1985), "Standards, Codification and Sociolinguistic Realism", in: Quirk, Randolph (ed.), English in the World, 11-34, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kachru, B. B. (1997). World Englishes and English-using communities. Annual review of applied linguistics, 17, 66-87. Lass, R. (1999), The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol.III, Cambridge, Cambridge University press. Northrup, D. (2013). How English became the global language. Springer. Quirk, R. (1990). Languge varieties and standard language. English Today, 21, 3-10. Schneider, E. W. (2014). New reflections on the evolutionary dynamics of world Englishes. World Englishes, 33(1), 9-32.

Good Essay Topics For High School

Good Essay Topics For High SchoolGood essay topics for high school can be a challenge. But with some preparation, it can be much easier. Topics should be carefully chosen and it is possible to create a good essay topic that will give you the edge you need to compete in your high school class.Start your research for essay topics for high school by getting a written outline of the topic. This outline should include a working title for the essay, the topic, the main idea and a sub-topic that gives the reader a more detailed look at the topic. The main idea is the heart of the essay and can make or break the quality of the essay. You need to show the reader why the main idea is important in the essay.The main idea can be related to the other points you have discussed. It can be the lead paragraph of the essay. You need to think about the type of essay you want to write and how your essay will be structured. How long it will be, the formatting of the essay, the length of the article and t he number of paragraphs will all affect the main idea. The type of essay will also determine the overall length of the essay.You will want to choose an article topic that presents a problem or a solution for a specific problem. Some of the main topics are food and nutrition, health and diet, financial management, public relations firms, safety and security, and many others. The sub-topics can cover different aspects of each topic. For example, a food and nutrition article might deal with the cost of food, the connection between diet and health, and nutritional information on different foods. A PR article might be about why a company does not use the correct safety protocol in its workplace.Other ways you can present your main idea include by using a personal story and demonstrating why your opinion is valid for a specific situation or issue. Be sure that your essay topic for high school is applicable to the grade level of the essay. If you choose a subject that is too advanced for t he grade level of the essay, it will not be very successful. Remember that the grade of the essay is mostly a reflection of the topic, the author's writing skills, and how well the writer understands the topic. Be sure that the essay is aligned with the grade level before you write it.Make sure that the writing format is appropriate for the grade level of the essay before you start writing. This is especially true if you are writing an essay that requires a higher level of comprehension than you possess. If the writing style of the essay is very different from the one you used in high school, the entire composition may not be accepted. It is best to have your audience that reads your essay understand it as written for high school students. However, if you are writing a popular novel, you may want to consider employing the more professional and conversational style.If the topic is too broad, it may seem like a waste of time and money. The topic should focus on a specific problem or i dea. Your essay should provide an answer to a question that you ask. It must be interesting enough for the reader to want to read your essay for more information. This is what you need to show in your essay: how knowledgeable you are on the topic at hand.Some of the most important things to remember when you are writing an essay are how to organize the essay and how to prepare your thesis statement. A good idea is to prepare two drafts of the essay and then use the second draft to revise it for grammar and spelling. Then, take those changes into account when writing your paper.

Miss Stoner Essay Example

Miss Stoner Paper How does Conan Doyle present Sherlock Holmes, the great detective, in his stories? My general impression of Sherlock Holmes is that he is a very mysterious, cunning and slightly deviant individual. He is cunning because he likes catching people out (by himself without anyone else knowing) so he can get all the credit and acts quite big headed too by showing off in front of his clients. As a reader he gives me the impression that he is selfish because he treats Dr Watson as a servant and accepts Watson to bow down to him all the time. He has respect for women but no respect for men, I think this is because he has soft spots for his female clients but Im probably wrong because its not in his nature to do this. When Holmes meets Helen Stoner in The Speckled Band he is always using a language to show he is a detective I observe that you are shivering along with showing her who is boss this is my intimate friend and associate Dr. Watson. Also while he meets Helen Stoner he is very polite good morning, madam whereas with men he would not talk as politely. He also tries to impress her you have come in by train this morning, I see he is self-indulgent. We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Stoner specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Stoner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Miss Stoner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He shows her compassion (which is rare for Holmes to do) but its sarcastic anyway you must not fear said he soothingly, bending forward and patting her forearm. He goes into out of his way to impress Miss Stoner by going into going into great (and pointless) detail about how he knew how she travelled there You must of started early, and yet you had a good drive in a dogcart, along heavy roads, before you reached the station, weather or not hes got a soft spot for her I dont know but its highly unlikely as its not in Holmes nature to do so. Miss Stoner is baffled about how Holmes knew how she got to the meeting There is no mystery, my dear madam said he, smiling which is also shows that Holmes is smug at this moment. Once Holmes had listened to Miss Stoners story he accused straight away of not telling him everything Miss Stoner, you have not. You are screening your stepfather. He done this again by observing Miss Stoner but this time her wrist and not her clothes The marks of four fingers and a thumb, were printed upon the white wrist this could of meant that she had been cruelly abused possibly by her stepfather. He sat down in his office, by the crackling fire and there was a long silence while he thought of the information he had gathered. He then asked Miss Stoner if it would be possible if they could see over these rooms without the knowledge of your stepfather which is conspiritual. When Miss Stoner said it was alright for them to do this asks Watson you are not averse to this trip, Watson? which is more like a statement of Holmes telling Watson what to do, this shows once again that Holmes is the boss and has full control of Watson. As Miss Stoner leaves she says My heart is lightened already since I have confided my trouble to you This is her thanking Holmes and saying to him you have made me feel at ease. When Miss Stoner arrived she was agitated frightened eyes like those of a haunted animal but when she left she wasnt glided from the room this can be said as Holmes touch. Once Miss Stoner leaves Holmes tests how well Watson has been listening to the conversation by asking him And what do you think of it all, Watson? When Holmes meets Miss Stoners stepfather (Dr Grimesby Roylott) Holmes says to Roylott my name, sir, but you have the advantage of me and Roylott replies straight away with I am Dr Grimesby Roylott, of Stoke Moran as Holmes said it patronisingly and has got strong powers of observation. Holmes is always polite and charming even with people he doesnt particularly get along with (mainly men) Pray take a seat. When Roylott asks Holmes about his stepdaughter hr quickly diverts the subject by politely saying It is a little cold for the time of year, so Roylott furiously answers back with no manners at all. Homes then replies imperturbably (not bothered). Roylott obviously doesnt like Holmes and describes him as a scoundrel and also has a reputation of being a meddler and Holmes likes this. Every time Roylott mentions something about Holmes, Homes smile broadens as if he likes the fact hes got a reputation, Roylott hates him and he has got a sense of smugness about the whole thing.

Free Essays on The French And Indian War

The French And Indian War (1756-1763) Nicole Between the years of 1689 and 1748 France and Britain had the War of the League of Augsburg â€Å"King William’s War†, War of Spanish Succession â€Å"Queen Anne’s War†, and the War of the Austrian Succession â€Å"King George’s War.† All three of these wars led up to the Seven Years War, also known as the French and Indian War. As the British colonies grew in population and wealth, the British government began to worry about the attacks from France and Spain. A French motive for attack on British was their desire for land. This was the time for claiming land and they wanted as much of it as they could get. Also they wanted more wealth and power because according to the theory of mercantilism, the richer you are, the more power you have. Another motive for their attack was that France wanted a market for manufactured goods. They also wanted a source for raw materials to make goods. At first the war went badly for the English. To str engthen the defense of the colonies, General Edward Braddock set out with 1400 British troops and 450 colonials to try to take Fort Duquesne. The French had built this fort in Pittsburgh. Braddock had been warned by Benjamin Franklin to watch out for surprise attacks by the Indians, but he did not listen. Wars in Europe were orderly and they were usually fought only in good weather, on open fields, and armies faced each other. To Braddock’s surprise, the French and Indians did not follow the etiquette of Old World Warfare. They caught Braddock off guard when the attacked his army. The general was killed, and 976 of his men were killed or wounded. In 1757 William Pitt came to power as prime minister of England. He put new life into the nation’s armies and its fleets spread over the globe. He removed the weak and the old and put in the young and strong. In the campaigns of 1758, the British and Americans working together were victorious... Free Essays on The French And Indian War Free Essays on The French And Indian War The French And Indian War (1756-1763) Nicole Between the years of 1689 and 1748 France and Britain had the War of the League of Augsburg â€Å"King William’s War†, War of Spanish Succession â€Å"Queen Anne’s War†, and the War of the Austrian Succession â€Å"King George’s War.† All three of these wars led up to the Seven Years War, also known as the French and Indian War. As the British colonies grew in population and wealth, the British government began to worry about the attacks from France and Spain. A French motive for attack on British was their desire for land. This was the time for claiming land and they wanted as much of it as they could get. Also they wanted more wealth and power because according to the theory of mercantilism, the richer you are, the more power you have. Another motive for their attack was that France wanted a market for manufactured goods. They also wanted a source for raw materials to make goods. At first the war went badly for the English. To str engthen the defense of the colonies, General Edward Braddock set out with 1400 British troops and 450 colonials to try to take Fort Duquesne. The French had built this fort in Pittsburgh. Braddock had been warned by Benjamin Franklin to watch out for surprise attacks by the Indians, but he did not listen. Wars in Europe were orderly and they were usually fought only in good weather, on open fields, and armies faced each other. To Braddock’s surprise, the French and Indians did not follow the etiquette of Old World Warfare. They caught Braddock off guard when the attacked his army. The general was killed, and 976 of his men were killed or wounded. In 1757 William Pitt came to power as prime minister of England. He put new life into the nation’s armies and its fleets spread over the globe. He removed the weak and the old and put in the young and strong. In the campaigns of 1758, the British and Americans working together were victorious...